简介：Inthispaperweconsiderinfinitehorizonbackwarddoublystochasticdifferentialequations(BDSDEsforshort)coupledwithforwardstochasticdifferentialequations,whoseterminalfunctionsarenon-degenerate.ForsuchkindofBDSDEs,westudytheexistenceanduniquenessoftheirsolutionstakingvaluesinweightedL~p(dx)■L~2(dx)space(p≥2),andobtainthestationarypropertyforthesolutions.

简介：BACKGROUND:Studieshavesuggestedthatfibronectinleucine-richtransmembraneprotein3(FLRT3)isrelatedtoinjuryandregenerationofthenervoussystem.However,theexpressionandbiologicalcharacteristicsoftheseproteinsremainpoorlyunderstood.OBJECTIVE:ToobtainFLRT3C-terminalgenefragments,toeffectivelyexpressandpurifythetargetproteins.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:AnobservationalstudyofcellularandmolecularbiologywasperformedatthelaboratoryofHistologyandEmbryologyinXiangyaSchoolofMedicine,CentralSouthUniversitybetweenOctober2007andJune2008.MATERIALS:ThreeSpragueDawleyadultratswereusedtoextracttotalRNAfromratbrains.ThepGEX4T3andEscherichiacoli(E.coli)JM109werepurchasedfromPromega.E.coliBL21wasprovidedbyNovagen.METHODS:FLRT3proteincodingC-terminalDNAfragments,atalengthof786bp,wereamplifiedusingRT-PCRtechniquefromrattotalRNA.TheamplifiedproductswereclonedintotheexpressionvectorpGEX4T3.ArecombinantexpressionvectorwasthenconstructedandintroducedintoE.coliBL21.IsopropyI-D-thiogalactopyranosidewasappliedtoinduceexpressionofrecombinantGSTfusionproteins,followedbyisolation,purification,andrenaturationofinclusionbodiesthatcomprisedrecombinantproteins.Finally,thepurifiedrecombinantproteinwasobtained.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:DeterminationofFLRT3C-terminalDNAsequence;expressionoftargetproteinswasassayedbySDS-PAGEelectrophoresis;purifiedrecombinantproteinwasidentifiedwithWesternblotmethods.RESULTS:FLRT3proteincodingC-terminalDNAfragments,atalengthof786bp,weresuccessfullyharvestedthroughRT-PCRamplification,andwerethenclonesintotheprokaryoticexpressionvectorpGEX4T3.Theresultsofthesequencewereconsistentwiththeknowngenesequence.SDS-PAGEanalysisdemonstratedthattherewasaspecificproteinbandintherecombinantGSTfusionproteinsatarelativemolecularmassof56,600.Therecombinantproteinwasobservedintheinclusionbody,andh

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简介：Thenorepinephrinetransporter(NET)isamemberoftheNa^+/Cl^-dependentneurotransmittertransporterfamilyandconstitutesthetargetofseveralclinicallyimportantantidepressants.TodelineatethecriticalaminoacidresiduesandthefunctionofC-terminalinregulatingtransportactivityofNET,hereweconstructedtwositemutants(V70F,F72V;V70I,F72V)andoneC-terminaltruncatedmutant(Δ611-617).ThewildtypeandmutantsofNETwereexpressedinXenopusoocytesbyinjectionoftheircRNA.Wefoundthatallofthesemutantslosttheirtransportactivity.TheseresultsindicatethattheaminoacidresiduesofV70andF72,andthelastsevenaminoacidsofC-terminalareessentialtothetransportactivityofNET.

简介：Classicalnetworkreliabilityproblemsassumebothnetworksandcomponentshaveonlybinarystates,fullyworkingorfullyfailedstates.Butmanyactualnetworksaremulti-state,suchascommunicationnetworksandtransportationnetworks.Thenodesandarcsinthenetworksmaybeinintermediatestateswhicharenotfullyworkingeitherfullyfailed.Asimulationapproachforcomputingthetwo-terminalreliabilityofamulti-statenetworkisdescribed.Two-terminalreliabilityisdefinedastheprobabilitythatdunitsofdemandcanbesuppliedfromthesourcetosinknodesunderthetimethresholdT.Thecapacitiesofarcsmaybeinastochasticstatefollowinganydiscreteorcontinuousdistribution.Thetransmissiontimeofeacharcisalsonotafixednumberbutstochasticaccordingtoitscurrentcapacityanddemand.Tosolvethisproblem,acapacitatedstochasticcolouredPetrinetisproposedformodellingthesystembehaviour.Placesandtransitionsrespectivelystandforthenodesandarcsofanetwork.Capacitatedtransitionandself-modifiedtokencolourwithrouteinformationaredefinedtodescribethemulti-statenetwork.Bythesimulation,thetwo-terminalreliabilityandnodeimportancecanbeestimatedandtheoptimalroutewhosereliabilityishighestcanalsobegiven.Finally,twoexamplesofdifferentkindsofmultistatenetworksaregiven.

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简介：Thepalladium-salencomplexpalladium(Ⅱ)N,N'-bis{[5-(triphenylphosphonium)-methyl]salicylidene}-l,2-ethanediaminechloridewasfoundtobeahighlyactivecatalystforthecopper-andsolvent-freecouplingreactionofterminalalkyneswithdifferentacylchloridesinthepresenceoftriethylamineasbase,givingexcellentynonesunderaerobicconditions.

简介：ObjectivesToinvestigatethepossibleroleofamino-terminalpro-brainnatriureticpeptide(NT-proBNP)intheoccurrenceofatrialfibrillation(AF)aftercoronaryarterybypassgrafting(CABG).MethodsThisstudygroupincluded70consecutivepatientsscheduledforelectiveoff-pumpCABG.Thepatientswithejectionfraction(EF)lessthan0.30,historyofAF,useofclassIorIIIantiarrhythmicdrug,implantedpacemaker,postoperativemyocardialinfarctionorchestreopeningforpericardialtamponadewereexcluded.PreoperativeandpostoperativeserumNT-proBNPlevelsweremeasuredbyradioimmunoassaytechnique.ResultsPostoperativeAFoccurredin15patients(21.4%);thesepatientshadsignificantlyhighermedianNT-proBNPlevelswhencomparedwiththosewithoutAFaftertheoperation(P<0.01).Usingmultivariatelogisticregressionanalyses,anincreaseinNT-proBNPlevelafterCABGwasfoundtobeindependentlyassociatedwithAF(OR=3.78,95%IC=1.81～4.89,P<0.01).Increasedage,diabetesmellitus,preoperativeuseofβ-blocker,proximalrightcoronaryarteryinvolvement,andlongeroperationtimewerealsoassociatedwithAF.ConclusionsTheseresultsindicatedthatAFwasassociatedwithhigherNT-proBNPconcentrationsafteroffpumpCABG;theincreaseinNT-proBNPafterCABGmayplayanimportantroleintheoccurrenceofAFaftertheoperation.ThefurtherstudiesareneededtodefinethereasonthatleadtohigherNT-proBNPconcentrationsamongthepatientswhopresentAFafteroffpumpCABG.