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简介：TheaimofthisstudyistoinvestigatetheeffectsofallitridinontheexpressionoftranscriptionfactorT-bet/GA-TA-3inmiceinfectedbymurinecytomegalovirus.BALB/cmicemodelsystemofmurinecytomegalovirus(MCMV)infectionwasestablished.Inwhich20modelmicewereallocatedrandomlyintoallitridintreatedgroup(n=10)andinfectedcontrolgroup(n=10).Allitridin(25mg·kg^-1·d^-1)wasusedintreatedgroupatthe24hbyintraperitonealroute(once/d×14d),andthesamevolumeofsalinesolutionwasinjectedcontrolmice.Normalcontrolmice(n=10),wereonlygivenwiththesamevolumeof0.89%sodiumchloride,withoutinfectionwithMCMV.TheexpressionlevelsoftranscriptionfactorT-bet/GATA-3mRNAweremeasuredbyRT-PCR,andtheexpressionlevelsofThelper1(Thl)cytokineIFN-γandTh2cytokineIL-10insupernatantofspleencellcultureweremeasuredbyELISA.ExperimentalresultsshowedMCMVinfectioncouldmarkedlydown-modulatetheexpressionofIFN-γandT-bet,andsignificantlyup-modulatetheexpressionofIL-10andGATA-3mRNA.AllitridincouldinduceincreasedexpressionoftranscriptionfactorT-betmRNAandThlcytokineIFN-γsignificantly(P<0.01),anddecreasedexpressionoftranscriptionfactorGATA-3mRNAandTh2cytokineIL-10markedly(P<0.01).ItisconcludedthatMCMVinfectionleadstodisequilibriumofThl/Th2cytokineexpression:thelevelofThlcytokineIFN-γdecreasessignificantlyandTh2cytokineIL-10overexpressesmarkedly.Allitridincanup-regulatetheexpressionofT-betandIFN-γ,andinhibittheexpressionofGATA-3mRNAandIL-10inMCMVinfectedmice,indicatingaTh1dominantstatewhichshouldenhancethespecificcellularimmunereactionsagainstCMVandbehelpfulforclearanceofthecytomegalovirusinhost.

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简介：AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease defined by thrombotic or obstetrical events and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM) is widely expressed in the immune system and may closely related to APS. This review aimed to systematically summarize the possible effects of CMTM on APS. Publications were collected from PubMed and Web of Science databases up to August 2020. CKLF, CKLFSF, CMTM, antiphospholipid syndrome, immune cells, and immune molecules were used as search criteria. Immune cells, including neutrophil, dendritic cells (DCs), T-cells, B-cells, and inflammatory cytokines, play an important role in the development of APS. Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) has a chemotactic effect on many cells and can affect the expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules through the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) pathway or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MARK) pathway. CKLF1 can participate in the maturation of DCs, T lymphocyte activation, and the activation of neutrophils through the MAPK pathway. CMTM1 may act on Annexin A2 by regulating Ca2+ signaling. CMTM2 and CMTM6 are up-regulated in neutrophils of APS patients. Some CMTM family members influence the activation and accumulation of platelets. CMTM3 and CMTM7 are binding partners of B-cell linker protein (BLNK), thereby linking B cell receptor (BCR) and activating BLNK-mediated signal transduction in B cells. Moreover, CMTM3 and CMTM7 can act on DCs and B-1a cell development, respectively. CMTM may have potential effects on the development of APS by acting on immune cells and immune molecules. Thus, CMTM may act as a novel prognostic factor or immunomodulatory treatment option of APS.

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简介：瞄准：开发高产量的复合、快、简单的试金扫描精子缺乏因素(AZF)区域Y染色体上的微删除并且建立Ychromosomal的流行在有精子缺乏或oligozoospermia的中国不肥沃的男性的微删除。方法：总共，有精子缺乏的178个不肥沃的病人(非妨碍)，有oligozoospermia的134个不肥沃的病人以及40肥沃的人控制在现在的学习被包括。样品为AZF微删除使用被屏蔽优化multi-analyte暂停数组(MASA)技术。结果：312个病人，(11.5%)36被发现在AZF区域有删除。微删除频率是14%(25/178)在精子缺乏组织，(11/134)8.2%在oligospermia组织。在有微删除的36个病人之中，19在AZFb在AZFc区域，在AZFa的七有的删除和六有的删除有删除。另外，四个病人有AZFb和AZFc删除。在AZF区域的删除都没在40肥沃的控制被发现。结论：有Ychromosomal的高流行在有精子缺乏或oligozoospermia的中国不肥沃的男性的微删除。MASA技术，在现在的学习被建立了，为检测Y染色体的删除提供一个敏感、高产量的方法。并且结果建议基因屏蔽应该在开始帮助繁殖治疗前被劝告到不肥沃的人。

简介：AIM.Toinvestigatetheeffectofpyrrolidinedithiocarbamate(PDTC),anovelnuclearfactor-κB(NF-κB)inhibitor,onexpressionofmultipleinflammatorymediatorsandneutrophilicinflammationofcoldpreservedgraftsafterratlivertransplantationanditssignificance.METHODS:Orthotopiclivertransplantation(OLT)wasperformedafter24hofcoldstorageusingUniversityofWisconsinsolutionwithvariedconcentrationsofPDTC.WedeterminedthetimecourseofNF-κBactivationandexpressionofmultipleinflammatorysignals,suchastumornecrosisfactor-α(TNF-α),cytokine-inducibleneutrophilchemoattractant(CINC),andintercellularadhesionmolecule-1(ICAM-1)byELISAmethods.Serumalanineaminotransferase(ALT),intrahepaticmyeloperoxidase(MPO)/WBC(ameasureofneutrophilaccumulation)andMac-1expression(ameasureofcirculatingneutrophilactivity)werealsoevaluated.RESULTS:PDTCdecreasedNF-κBactivationinducedbyprolongedcoldpreservationinadosedependentmanner(from20mmol/Lto60mmol/L),diminishedTNF-α,CINC,ICAM-1proteinsinthegrafts,andreducedtheexpressionfincreasesinplasmaTNF-αlevelsinducedbyprolongedoldpreservation.NeutrophilicinflammationofthegraftwassignificantlysuppressedafterpreservationwithPDTC(P<0.05).ThetotalneutrophilaccumulationinPDTC(40mmol/L)group(7.04±0.97)wasmarkedlyreducedcomparedtocontrolgroup(14.07±1.31)(P<0.05).Mac-1expressionwassignificantlyreducedinPDTC(40retool/L)group(181±11.3%)comparedwiththecontrolgroup(281±13.2%)(P<0.05)at6hafterreperfusion.Furthermore,PDTCinhibitedtheincreasedserumALTlevelsafterlivertransplantation.CONCLUSION:PDTCcaninhibitBNF-κBactivationandexpressionoftheinflammatorymediators,whichareassociatedwithimprovedgraftviabilityviainhibitingintrahepaticneutrophilicinflammation.OurstudysuggeststhatatherapeuticstrategydirectedatinhibitionofNF-κBactivationinthetransplantedlivermightbeeffectiveinreducing

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheepidemiologyandoutcomesofculture-positivespontaneousbacterialperitonitis(SBP)andspontaneousbacteremia(SB)indecompensatedcirrhosis.METHODS:Weprospectivelycollectedclinical,laboratorycharacteristics,typeofadministeredantibiotic,susceptibilityandresistanceofbacteriatoantibioticsinonehundredthirtycases(68.5%males)withpositiveasciticfluidand/orbloodculturesduringtheperiodfromJanuary1,2012toMay30,2014.AllpatientswithSBPhadpolymorphonuclearcellcountinasciticfluid>250/mm3.InpatientswithSBathoroughstudydidnotrevealanyothercauseofbacteremia.Thepatientswerefollowed-upfora30-dperiodfollowingdiagnosisoftheinfection.Thefinaloutcomeofthepatientswasrecordedintheendoffollow-upandcomparisonamong3groupsofpatientsaccordingtothepatternofdrugresistancewasperformed.RESULTS:Gram-positive-cocci(GPC)werefoundinhalfofthecases.ThemostprevalentorganismsinadescendingorderwereEscherichiacoli(33),Enterococcusspp(30),Streptococcusspp(25),Klebsiellapneumonia(16),S.aureus(8),Pseudomanasaeruginosa(5),otherGram-negative-bacteria(GNB)(11)andanaerobes(2).Overall,20.8%ofisolatesweremultidrug-resistant(MDR)and10%extensivelydrugresistant(XDR).Health-care-associated(HCA)and/ornosocomialinfectionswerepresentin100%ofMDR/XDRandin65.5%ofnon-DRcases.MeropenemwastheempiricallyprescribedantibioticinHCA/nosocomialinfectionsshowingadrug-resistancerateof30.7%whilethirdgenerationcephalosporinsof43.8%.MeropenemwasineffectiveonbothXDRbacteriaandEnterococcusfaecium(E.faecium).AllbutoneXDRweresusceptibletocolistinwhileallGPC(includingE.faecium)andthe86%ofGNBtotigecycline.Overall30-dmortalitywas37.7%(69.2%forXDRand34.2%fortherestofthepatients)(logrank,P=0.015).Inmultivariateanalysis,factorsadverselyaffectingoutcomeincludedXDRinfection(HR=2.263,95%CI:1.005-5.095,P=0.049),creatinine(HR

简介：AIM:Toevaluatetheefficacyandsafetyofanti-vascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF)combinedwithphotodynamictherapy(PDT)versusanti-VEGFmonotherapyforpolypoidalchoroidalvasculopathy(PCV).METHODS:WeconductedaMeta-analysisof9studiestocomparetheefficacyandsafetybetweencombinedtherapyandanti-VEGFmonotherapyforPCV.TheprogramsofRevMan5.3andStata12.0wereusedtoanalyzedata.RESULTS:Thebestcorrectedvisualacuity(BCVA)incombinedtherapygroupweresignificantlybetterthanthoseofanti-VEGFmonotherapygroupat6,24and36mo,withpooledweightedmeansdifferences(WMDs)of0.12(0.06,0.18),0.25(0.12,0.38)and0.28(0.13,0.43),respectively.Thecentralretinalthickness(CRT)reductionsincombinedtherapygroupwerehigherthanthatinantiVEGFmonotherapygroupat1,3,6and9mo,withpooledWMDsof63.90(20.41,107.38),33.47(4.69,62.24),30.57(0.12,60.01)and28.00(2.51,53.49),respectively.Theregressionrateofpolypsincombinedtherapygroupwasmuchhigherthanthatinanti-VEGFmonotherapygroup[RD:0.47(0.26,0.68);P<0.0001].Theadverseeventretinalhemorrhagedidnotdiffersignificantlybetweenthetwogroups.CONCLUSION:OurfindingsclearlydocumentthatantiVEGFcombinedwithPDTisamoreeffectivetherapyforPCVcomparedwithanti-VEGFmonotherapy.Furthermore,combinedtherapydoesnotincreasetheincidenceofretinalhemorrhage.

简介：AbstractImportance:Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) is a severe type of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). However, the risk factors for CDAD in children with AAD have not yet been clarified.Objective:To investigate the distribution and risk factors for CDAD among hospitalized children in Beijing Children’s Hospital.Methods:Stool samples from 197 children with AAD were tested for the C. difficile pathogenic genes (tcdA, tcdB, tcdC, tcdD, tcdE, cdtA, and cdtB) using polymerase chain reaction between January 2011 and January 2014. Children who tested positive for tcdA or tcdB were included in the CDAD group, and those remaining comprised the non-CDAD group.Results:The rate of CDAD among the 197 children with AAD was 42.6% (84/197). The age distribution was 1-15.6 years, among which the majority of children (54.8%, 46/84) were aged 1-4 years. Differences in the CDAD-positive rates among AAD children belonging to different age groups were not statistically significant. Univariate analysis revealed that the duration of antibiotic therapy, the length of hospitalization prior to diarrhea, and gastrointestinal tract operations were significant risk factors (P < 0.05). Children with CDAD underwent more antibiotic therapy and had longer periods of hospitalization prior to diarrhea onset than children in the non-CDAD group. Using multivariate regression analysis, hospitalization for ≥ 10 days prior to diarrhea was found to be an independent risk factor for CDAD.Interpretation:This study revealed that the length of hospitalization (≥ 10 days) prior to diarrhea was an independent risk factor for CDAD in children with AAD.

简介：BACKGROUND:Ithasbeenshownthatginsenoside,theeffectivecomponentofginseng,canenhanceexpressionofcholineacetyltransferase,aswellasbrain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF)anditsreceptortyrosinekinaseB(TrkB),incholinergicneuronsofthebasalforebrain.OBJECTIVE:ToqualitativelyandquantitativelyverifytheinfluenceofginsenosideonexpressionofBDNFanditsreceptor,TrkB,inthemedialseptumofagedrats,andtoprovideamolecularbasisforclinicalapplication.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:Acontraststudy,whichwasperformedintheDepartmentofAnatomy,ChinaMedicalUniversity,andtheDepartmentofAnatomy,ShenyangMedicalCollegebetweenDecember2005andMay2007.MATERIALS:Thirty-five,healthy,female,SpragueDawleyratswereselectedforthisstudy.Ginsenoside(81%purity)wasprovidedbyJilinJi’anWantaiChineseMedicineFactory;anti-BDNFantibody,anti-TrkBantibody,andtheirkitswereprovidedbyWuhanBosterCompany.METHODS:Atotalof35ratsweredividedintothreegroups:young(fourmonthsold),aging(26monthsold),andginsenoside.Ratsintheginsenosidegroupwereadministeredginsenoside(25mg/kg/d)between17monthsand26months.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:ImmunohistochemistryandinsituhybridizationwereusedtomeasureexpressionofBDNFandTrkBinthemedialseptumofagedrats,andthedetectedresultswereexpressedasgrayvalues.RESULTS:①Qualitativedetection:usingmicroscopy,degenerativeneuronswerevisibleinthemedialseptumintheaginggroup.However,neuronalmorphologyintheginsenosidegroupwassimilartoneuronsintheyounggroup.②Quantitativedetection:themeangrayvalueofBDNF-positiveandTrkB-positiveproductsintheaginggroupweresignificantlyhigherthanintheyounggroup(t=3.346,4.169,P<0.01);however,themeangrayvalueintheginsenosidegroupwassignificantlylowerthanintheaginggroup(t=2.432,2.651,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:GinsenosidecanincreaseexpressionofBDNFandTrkBinth

简介：瞄准：在老鼠碳在Kupffer房间决定激活血小板的因素(PAF)合成和它的受体表示导致四氯化物的肝硬化。方法：Kupffer房间，从控制和导致CCl4的肝脏硬化症的老鼠的肝孤立，一夜间被放在没有浆液的媒介。PAF浸透绑定，ET-1浸透和比赛绑定是assayed。导致的PAF合成，PAF的mRNA表示，preproendothelin-1，endothelinA(希腊语字母的第七字)和endothelinB(ETB)受体也是的ET-1决定了。结果：PAF合成的双重的增加(1.42+/-0.14对0.66+/-0.04pg/mugDNA)并且膜界限PAF的1.48褶层增加(1.02+/-0.06对0.69+/-0.07pg/mugDNA)在肝脏硬化症的老鼠的激活的Kupffer房间被观察。到Kupffer房间的ET-1的申请在激活的Kupffer房间经由ETB受体，而是PAF合成在肝脏硬化症、正常的老鼠以一种集中依赖者方式导致了PAF合成在正常Kupffer房间是比那更有效的。在激活的Kupffer房间，PAF受体表示和PAF绑定能力显著地被提高。激活的Kupffer房间涨了[125I]-ET-1绑定能力，而是改变的两个都不受体的亲密关系，也不希腊语字母的第七字的表达式受体。结论：在导致CCl4的肝硬化期间的Kupffer房间是增加的PAF的主要来源。ET-1内长地涉及由paracrine经由ETB受体在激活的Kupffer房间刺激PAF合成。希腊语字母的第七字受体没出现在激活的Kupffer房间，它可以加重肝硬化的肝、额外的肝的复杂并发症。

简介：Itisknownthatstructuralstiffnessandstrengthdistributionshaveanimportantroleintheseismicresponseofbuildings.Theeffectofusingdifferentcode-specifiedlateralloadpatternsontheseismicperformanceoffixed-basebuildingshasbeeninvestigatedbyresearchersduringthepasttwodecades.However,noinvestigationhasyetbeencarriedoutforthecaseofsoil-structuresystems.Inthepresentstudy,throughintensiveparametricanalysesof21,600linearandnonlinearMDOFsystemsandconsideringfivedifferentshearstrengthandstiffnessdistributionpatterns,includingthreecode-specifiedpatternsaswellasuniformandconcentricpatternssubjectedtoagroupofearthquakesrecordedonalluviumandsoftsoils,theeffectofstructuralcharacteristicsdistributiononthestrengthdemandandductilityreductionfactorofMDOFfixed-baseandsoil-structuresystemsareparametricallyinvestigated.Theresultsofthisstudyshowthatdependingonthelevelofinelasticity,soilflexibilityandnumberofdegrees-of-freedoms(DOFs),structuralcharacteristicsdistributioncansignificantlyaffectthestrengthdemandandductilityreductionfactorofMDOFsystems.Itisalsofoundthatathighlevelsofinelasticity,theductilityreductionfactoroflow-riseMDOFsoil-structuresystemscouldbesignificantlylessthanthatoffixed-basestructuresandthereductionislesspronouncedasthenumberofstoriesincreases.

简介：TheresistivityexperimentalmeasurementsofcoresamplesdrilledfromlowpermeabilityreservoirsofOrdosBasin,NorthwestChina,illustratethatthecementationfactorsarenotagminate,butvaryfrom1.335to1.749.Thisleadstoachallengefortheestimationofwaterandhydrocarbonsaturation.BasedontheanalysisofPurcellequationandassumptionthatrockresistivityisdeterminedbytheparallelconnectionofnumerouscapillaryresistances,atheoreticalexpressionofcementationfactorintermsofporosityandpermeabilityisestablished.Then,cementationfactorcanbecalculatediftheparametersofporosityandpermeabilityaredetermined.Inthefieldapplication,porositycanbeeasilyobtainedbyconventionallogs.However,itisatoughchallengetoestimatepermeabilityduetothestrongheterogeneityoflowpermeabilityreservoirs.Thus,theSchlumbergerDollResearch(SDR)modelderivedfromNMRlogshasbeenproposedtoestimatepermeability.BasedontheanalysisofthetheoreticalexpressionsofcementationfactorandSDRmodel,anovelcementationfactorpredictionmodel,whichisrelevanttoporosityandlogarithmicmeanofNMRT2spectrum(T2lm),isderived.TheadvantageofthismodelisthatalltheinputinformationcanbeacquiredfromNMRlogsaccurately.Inordertoconfirmthecredibilityofthenovelmodel,theresistivityandcorrespondinglaboratoryNMRmeasurementsof27coresamplesareconducted.Thecredibilityofthemodelisconfirmedbycomparingthepredictedcementationfactorswiththecoreanalyzedresults.Theabsoluteerrorsforallcoresamplesarelowerthan0.071.Oncethismodelisextendedtofieldapplication,theaccuracyofwaterandhydrocarbonsaturationestimationwillbesignificantlyimproved.

简介：很多研究调查了外部煽动性的索引，包括根据痴呆的子类型的血浆cytokines和相关分子，然而并非在温和认知缺陷(媒体控制接口)。在这研究，我们使用了复合cytokine试金作为amnestic和non-amnestic与媒体控制接口subtyped在病人估计22cytokines的血浆层次，根据认知特征。当比较血浆生长因素，chemokines和cytokines的层次时，血浆单核白血球铺平趋化性的蛋白质3(MCP-3)，并且贝它神经生长因素(在这二的-NGF)组织，他们被发现比在non-amnestic媒体控制接口病人在amnestic媒体控制接口病人显著地更高级，在好久调整和性以后。这建议血浆MCP-3和-NGF可能在区分媒体控制接口的子类型是有用的。

简介：Thedevelopmentandplasticityofcentralauditorysystemcanbeinfluencedbythechangeofperipheralneuronalactivity.However,themolecularmechanismparticipatingintheprocessremainselusive.Brain-derivedneurotrophicfactor(BDNF)bindingwithitsfunctionalreceptortropomyosinreceptorkinaseB(TrkB)hasmultipleeffectsonneurons.Hereweusedaratmodelofauditorydeprivationbybilateralcochlearablation,toinvestigatethechangesinexpressionofBDNFandTrkBintheauditorycortexafterauditorydeprivationthatoccurredduringthecriticalperiodforthedevelopmentofcentralauditorysystem.Reversetranscription-quantitativepolymerasechainreaction(RTqPCR)andimmunohistochemistrymethodswereadoptedtodetectthemRNAandproteinexpressionlevelsofBDNFandTrkBintheauditorycortexat2,4,6and8weeksaftersurgery,respectively.ThechangeintheexpressionofBDNFandTrkBmRNAsandproteinsfollowedsimilartrend.Inthebilateralcochlearablationgroups,theBDNF-TrkBexpressionlevelinitiallydecreasedat2weeksbutincreasedat4weeksfollowedbythereductionat6and8weeksaftercochlearremoval,ascomparedtotheage-matchedshamcontrolgroups.Inconclusion,theBDNF-TrkBsignalingisinvolvedintheplasticityofauditorycortexinanactivity-dependentmanner.

简介：Angiogenesisintheinfarctperipherycanimprovebloodflow.Vascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF)hasbeenconsideredapotentialtherapeutictargetforstroke.BuyangHuanwudecoction(BYHWD)isaclassictraditionalformulaintraditionalChinesemedicineandisusedtotreatstroke;inaddition,thepromotioneffectsonVEGFproteinexpressionhavebeenconfirmed.However,littleisknownabouthowBYHWDregulatesangiogenesis,orabouttheeffectsofBYHWDonVEGFmRNAexpression.Forthisreason,thepresentstudymeasuredmicrovesseldensityinratswithcerebralischemiausingimmunohistochemistry.Inaddition,VEGFexpressionwasmeasuredbyreverse-transcriptionpolymerasechainreactionandenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassaytode-terminetheeffectsofBYHWDonangiogenesisandVEGFexpressioninratswithcerebralischemia.Resultsdemonstratedthatmicrovesseldensity,aswellasVEGFmRNAandproteinexpression,increasedafter7and14daysofBYHWDtreatment,whichsuggeststhatBYHWDpromotedan-giogenesisfollowingcerebralischemiaandupregulatedVEGFmRNAandproteinexpressioninischemiccerebralregions.

简介：Olderadultsoftenfinditdifficulttoperceivespeech,especiallyinnoisyconditions.Thoughhearingaidisoneoftherehabilitativedevicesavailabletoolderadultstoalleviatehearingloss,someofthemmayexperienceannoyancethroughhearingaidandhencerejectit.maybeduetocircuitrynoiseand/orbackgroundnoise.Acceptablenoiselevelisadirectbehaviouralmeasuretoestimatetheextentofhowmuchapersonisabletoputupwithnoisewhilesimultaneouslylisteningtospeech.Acceptablenoiselevelisacentralauditorymeasureanditisnotinfluencedbyage.gender,presentationlevelorspeaker.Usingthismeasure,wecanquantifytheannoyancelevelexperiencedbyanindividual.Thisinformationisofutmostimportanceandcautionshouldbepaidbeforesettingtheparametersinhearingaid,especiallyforthosewhoareunabletoacceptnoise.Inthisreviewarticle,anattempthasbeenmadetodocumenthowtooptimizethehearingaidprogrambysettingparameterssuchasnoisereductioncircuit,microphonesensitivityandgain.Theseadjustmentsofparametersmighthelptoreducerejectionrateofhearingaids,especiallyinthoseindividualswhoareannoyedbybackgroundnoise.

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