简介：AbstractImportance:Tics usually start around 4-6 years old and affect about 1% of school-age children. Premonitory urges (PUs) are sensory phenomena that precede tics and are often described as unpleasant feelings. Recent evidence supports a relationship between PUs and tic severity, but reports are conflicting. In addition, there is no report of PUs in the Chinese population.Objective:To investigate the correlation between PUs and tic symptoms in the Chinese population with tic disorders.Methods:We recruited 252 Chinese individuals with chronic tic disorders (age 5-16 years). The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was used to assess tic symptoms, and the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) was used to assess PUs. We calculated Spearman correlations between PUTS and YGTSS scores, and constructed a linear regression model to predict the tic symptom severity by PUs.Results:There was a significant positive correlation between PU severity (PUTS scores) and motor tic severity, total tic severity, tic-caused impairment (YGTSS scores) (P < 0.05). PU severity was a significant positive predictor of tic symptom severity (standardized beta coefficient = 0.174, t = 2.786, P = 0.006).Interpretation:We provide evidence for a correlation between PUs and tic symptoms. PU severity predicts tic symptom severity. Further research on PUs is needed to clarify the shared brain mechanism with tics, and their role in tic expression. A suitable tool to assess PUs in younger children is also needed.

简介：AnewapproachtothemassiveproductionofTiCwhiskerswithhighpurityandlowcostwaspresented.Itisamodifiedcarbothermalreductionmethod(MCTR)characterizedbyargonstreamflowingverticallyandpassingthroughtheinteriorofthemixtureofrawmaterials.Itisfoundforthefirsttimethatthereisanoptimumflowoftheupwardflowingargonstream,atwhichlargequantityofhighqualityTiCcanbeobtained.Thispaperdescribedthenewmethod,analyzedthemechanismandconditionsfortheformationofhighpurityTiCwhiskersonalargescale,andcomparedMCTRwiththetraditionalcarbothermalreductionmethod(TCTR).Basedontheanalysisandcomparison,itisconcludedthatinordertoproducehighqualitytransitionmetalcarbides,nitridesandcarbonitrideswithlowcostTCTRmustbereplacedbyMCTR.

简介：AbstractTic disorders (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is often first recognized in children and adolescents and is characterized mainly by motor and phonic tics. Drug treatment of TD has been criticized because of serious side effects, and TD treatment emphasizes behavioral psychotherapy. This study reviewed the most common behavioral psychotherapy for TD: habit reversal training (HRT). We examined the contents, variation, curative effects, and premonitory urge control of HRT and other behavioral psychotherapies. The findings suggest that current understanding of HRT is insufficient and further studies are needed. First, studies of online guidance training are needed to implement technology that can help more patients. Second, the future integration of HRT and other technologies is important. Third, imaging techniques could be used to further explore the brain mechanisms underlying HRT. Research on HRT for TD in China is insufficient. We call on more Chinese researchers to study, investigate, and develop technology to promote the development of behavioral psychotherapy for TD in China.

简介：第一原则的计算被执行学习有TiC的形态学的硼和它的关系的吸附。尽管所有低索引的TiC水晶飞机上的硼的吸附是热地有利的，它将更容易被吸附由，这被发现终止C{111}并且{011}飞机，当时不太可能被吸附由{001}。B-B簇的形成的学习显示硼adatoms在上的分发终止C(111)并且{011}飞机将是更一致的，并且adatom的散开进一步证实上述结果。根据几何学关系和不同水晶飞机的生长率，TiC上的硼的吸附将严重阻碍生长，这被推出{111}并且{011}飞机，它能让TiC长成六角形的血小板。

简介：分别以Ti和TiO2粉为钛源，石墨为碳源，结合机械合金化及高温烧结制备出TiC微粉。利用XRD、SEM对TiC的成分和形貌进行了观察分析。通过对比发现，以TiO2作为钛源可得到纯度较高且粒度为纳米级的TiC粉末。球磨过程中原料粉末不断细化，有助于相互扩散并加速烧结过程中TiC的生成。

简介：本成果属表面改性耐磨堆焊技术,解决了国内外耐磨堆焊中两大技术难关：一是堆焊层的耐磨硬质点与基体的结合强度差、耐磨性较低;二是高硬度的堆焊层（HRC≥40）,工件焊前必须进行300～600℃预热,焊后缓冷,劳动条件太差,焊接成本提高。本成果通过药皮配方的改进,利用焊接过程高温电弧的特定冶金反应,生成硬度极高的TiC、

简介：TiC晶须以其优异的物理和化学性能具有重要的研究意义和实用价值。该文综述了国内外TiC晶须的最新研究进展，详细介绍了几种制备TiC晶须的典型方法，如碳热还原法、化学气相沉积法、原位合成法、溶胶-凝胶法等，并指出了这几种制备方法的优缺点，分析、讨论了TiC晶须的2种生长模型及机理：介绍了TiC晶须作为增强增韧相在陶瓷基复合材料、金属基复合材料中的具体应用情况，展望了TiC晶须的发展前景。

简介：摘要反物质就是反粒子。反粒子与正粒子同时存在于宇宙中。除中性粒子之外，每个正粒子都有反粒子。正反粒子的电荷都相反。正反粒子的质量有的相同，也有的不相同；其自旋有的相同，也有的不相同。宇宙中是中性粒子与正粒子发挥作用在主宰着。反粒子的性质与作用与正粒子相反，反粒子若与正粒子相遇即相战湮灭发生爆炸，变成别的粒子。本文公布了用易经机制和易经场获得的144种反粒子及质量、自旋和三子数量。

简介：为提高海船船员急救培训效果,文章简要分析了急救培训的现状以及常见的医学教学模式,提出了TIC教学模式,并说明了其在实施过程中取得了初步成效,为探索急救培训模式提供了参考。

简介：四川省峨眉山市振兴宏业贸易公司 四川峨眉山 614224 摘要：我从磁场体的两极性质中发现了两种场粒子，和两种场粒子的逆进运动性质。从而推纶出电子由场粒子逆进运动构成，和中子，原子的形成在宇宙的过程。从而推论出原子的基本模形。又由原子基本模形推出光波的产生原理。又由光的产生原理和场粒子运动规律推出光在宇宙中的许多现象。又由原子失去电子后，能聚集很大的磁场圈推论出黑洞与中子星基本由无电子的原子构成等。

简介：粒子群算法是一种基于群体智能的随机并行算法，它在很多优化问题中都得到了比较好的应用。本文针对粒子群容易陷入局部最优解，提出了一种加入创新粒子的粒子群，实验模拟结果表明加入创新粒子的粒子群有更好的结果和收敛速度。

简介：EDIUS平台上强大的字幕插件：雷特字幕已经升级到了1．8版本，其中添加了不少实用的新功能，这一期我们就来看一看众多亮点之一：三维粒子。

简介：为了探索世界的本源,我们不断探索物质的微观世界,一步步找寻更基本的物质单元。于是,我们打开原子找到了质子、中子和电子,当我们打开20世纪的基本粒子,又发现了夸克和胶子,进入粒子的世界,但尽头是什么,我们仍不得而知。为了进一步了解这些基本单元,科学家进行了很多大型实验,造就了许多壮观且昂贵的实验建筑。

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简介：Si3N4/TiCnanocompositeceramicshavebeenfabricatedbyhotpressingtechniquewithAl2O3andY2O3asadditives.TheresultsshowedthatwelldispersedcompositepowderwascarriedoutbyaddingdispersantandadjustingpHvaluesofsuspensions.RemarkableincreaseinflexuralstrengthatroomtemperatureswasobtainedbyaddingnanoparticlesinSi3N4matrixwith10%(wtpct)ofnano-Si3N4and15%ofnano-TiC.Theflexuralstrength,fracturetoughnessandhardnesswere1025MPa,7.5MPa·1/2and15.6GPa,respectively.Themicrostructuresofmaterialswereanalyzedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM)andtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),whichindicatedthatTiCnanoparticlesdistributeinthematrixandatthegrainboundaries.Accordingtothefractureform,lowcontentsofnanoparticlescouldrefinematrixgrainsandleadtothecrackdeflectionaswellascrackpinning.Themultiplexmicrostructurewasformedbymixingnano-Si3N4particles.Thecracktrajectoriesexhibitedcrackdeflection,rod-likegrainbridgingandpull-out.

简介：要想记住10个电子的粒子，可以采用找“关联”的推导方法。第一步，“左邻右舍法”。如图1所示，首先写出10号元素Ne，再依次写出它的“左邻右舍”。“左邻”如9号元素F，8号元素0，7号元素N，要形成10个电子，就分别以阴离子的形式依次写到元素Ne的左侧。

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简介：通过微波烧结制备TiC/6061铝基复合材料，采用TEM、EDS、XRD分析该复合材料结合界面的结构、元素分布和相组成；从热力学角度研究新相的形成机理。结果表明：结合界面存在厚度约为100nm的扩散型和反应型2种中间层，其与基体和增强相的邻接整洁、边界连续、结合紧密。扩散型界面，具有（111）Al//（240）TiC，[011]Al//[001]TiC的晶体学位向关系并形成半共格界面；反应型界面，由TiAl和微纳米级的Al4W相组成。界面TiAl相的热力学形成机理为Al和Ti元素通过扩散的方式首先生成TiAl3，之后随Ti元素的进一步扩散占据TiAl3中Al的位置，最终形成TiAl。

简介：采用激光熔覆方法在45#钢基体上制备含TiC质量分数为20%~50%的Fe基TiC复合涂层。分别用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X线衍射（XRD）、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损机对熔覆层的微观组织、物相、硬度及耐磨性进行研究。结果表明：当TiC质量分数为30%时,涂层组织致密,TiC颗粒分布均匀、部分溶解、尺寸减小;涂层主要是由α-Fe固溶体,FeC,FeB,B4C,B4Si,Cr5B3,TiB以及未溶解的TiC等组成;当TiC质量分数为30%时,熔覆层平均维氏硬度为783.8,磨损率为45#钢基体的1/38。

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