简介：Experimentalresultsonthethermalcharacteristicsofair-watersprayimpingementcoolingofhotmetallicsurfacearepresentedanddiscussedinthispaper.Thecontrollinginputparametersinvestigatedwerethecombinedairandwaterpressures,platethickness,waterflowrate,nozzleheightfromthetargetsurfaceandinitialtemperatureofthehotsurface.Theeffectsoftheseinputparametersontheimportantthermalcharacteristicssuchasheattransferrate,heattransfercoefficientandwettingfrontmovementweremeasuredandexamined.Hotflatplatesamplesofmildsteelwithdimension120mminlength,120mmbreadthandthicknessof4mm,6mm,and8mmrespectivelyweretested.Theairassistedwaterspraywasfoundtobeaneffectivecoolingmediaandmethodtoachieveveryhighheattransferratefromthesurface.Higherheattransferrateandheattransfercoefficientswereobtainedforthelesseri.e,4mmthickplates.Increaseinthenozzleheightreducedtheheattransferefficiencyofspraycooling.Ataninletwaterpressureof4barandairpressureof3bar,maximumcoolingrates670℃/sandaveragecoolingrateof305.23℃/swereachievedforatemperatureof850℃ofthesteelplate.

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简介：Inordertoinvestigatethefiresuppressioneffectivenessofwatermistwithmetalchlorideadditives,ultrafinewatermistsofthesesaltswithdiametersabout10μmwereintroducedintoCH4/airnon-premixedflameinthecupburner.Resultsshowedthatthesedropletshardtomakeitselftotheflamefrontunderthecupburnerflowconditionsfunctionedasacarrierofthevaporizedsolidparticlesoritsdecomposedmaterials.Themetalchlorideimprovedfiresuppressionefficacyofwatermistwhichwereaffectedbythetypeandconcentrationofmetalchloride.Onamassbasis,thereisafiresuppressioneffectivenessrelationshipofMgCl2

简介：Thestructuralpropertiesofwateratdifferenttemperatureshavebeeninestigatedusingaflexiblewatermodelintheisothermal-isobaricensemble.Withdecreasingtemperature,thetetrahedralityofthedistributionofthewatermoleculesaroundthecentralwatermoleculeisenhanced,andthehydrogenbondsbecomemorelinear.Bymeansofaconjugategradientenergyminimization,dynamicalconfigurationsatvarioustemperatureshavebeenmappedontonearbypotential-energyminima,the50°-60°peak(P1)inthedistributionfunctionoftheO-O-Oangleofatrimerbecomesfarsmaller.HoweverthereappearstobeasmallbutobservabletemperaturedependenceofP1,i.e.thehigherthetemperature,thehighertheP1intensity.

简介：作为无梭的织布机之一，空气喷气织布机用一口空气喷气的粘性和动能搬运一支纱进经纱。这个拣的系统的性能取决于即时inhalation/exhaust的能力，嘴的配置，一个检查阀门的操作特征，等等。在最近的过去，许多研究在从一个嘴出口解除的空气喷气上被报导了，但是为理解流动的研究回答与联系的特征砍在嘴的层和冲击波层相互作用没足够被进行。在这份报纸，计算研究被执行与一个加速试管在空气喷气嘴解释流动领域并且与可得到的以前的试验性的数据验证了。从计算学习获得的结果证明在超声的流动政体，流动领域显著地取决于加速试管的长度。作为嘴压力比率增加，拖也对绳起作用的力量增加。为一个更长的加速试管，全部的压力损失大，由于摩擦损失。

简介：Themajorflowphysicsoftheunsteadycondensationinthesubsonicflowsinducedbytheunsteadyexpansionwavesinshocktubewasstudiedinthispaper.Theunsteadycondensationphenomenonwasanalyzedbyusingthetwo-dimensional,unsteady,Navier-Stokesequations,whichwerefullycoupledwithadropletgrowthequation.Thethird-orderTVDMUSCLschemewasappliedtosolvethegoverningequationsystems.Thecomputationalresultswerecomparedwiththepreviousexperimentaldata.Thetime-dependentbehaviorofunsteadycondensationofmoistairinshocktubewasinvestigatedindetails.Theresultsshowthatthemajorcharacteristicsoftheunsteadycondensationphenomenoninshocktubeareverydifferentfromthoseinthesupersonicwindtunnels.

简介：Vanadiumalloyisoneofthemostimportantcandidatestructuralmaterialsforafusionreactor.Itsmainadvantagesoverothercandidatesareitslowactivityfeatureandfeasiblepropertiesathightemperature.However,vanadiumiseasilyoxidizedathightemperaturetoformanon-protectivesurfacefilmofV2O5.Oxygenconcentrationwouldthusgethighandthepropertiesgetworseinnotonlythelossoftheductilitybutalsotheenhancedhydrogenembrittlementbytheoxidation.

简介：在现在的学习，一个计算液体动力学方法被使用了在下面膨胀的声音的喷气结构上以水库状况调查过度饱和的起始的度的效果，例如马赫磁盘地点和直径，桶冲击波和喷气边界。调查的axisymmetric嘴几何学是有直部分的一张收敛的嘴。作为结果，过压由于冷凝作用产生，这被发现，没有冷凝作用，有过压的产生的流动的特征与那些由于在喷气的冷凝作用不同。

简介：Theenergytransmissionofthelongmicrowavepulseforthefrequencyof2.45GHzand5.8GHzisstudiedbyusingtheelectronfluidmodel,wheretheratecoefficientsarededucedfromtheBoltzmannequationsolvernamedBOLSIG+.Thebreakdownthresholdsfordifferentairpressuresandincidentpulseparametersarepredicted,whichshowgoodagreementwiththeexperimentaldata.Belowthebreakdownthreshold,thetransmittedpulseenergyisproportionaltothesquareoftheincidentelectricfieldamplitude.Whentheincidentelectricfieldamplitudehigherthanthebreakdownthresholdincreases,thetransmittedpulseenergydecreasesmonotonouslyatahighairpressure,whileatalowairpressureitfirstdecreasesandthenincreases.Wealsocomparethepulseenergytransmissionforthefrequencyof2.45GHzwiththecaseof5.8GHz.

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简介：Confinementcaninduceunusualbehaviorsofwater.Inspiredbythefabricationofcarbonnanotubeswithnoneircularcrosssections,weperformedmoleculardynamicssimulationstoinvestigatethemo-bilitiesofwaterconfinedincarbonnanochannelswithcircular,square,andequilateraltriangularcrosssectionsoveravarietyofdimensions.Wefindthatwaterexhibitsdisparatemobilitiesacrossdifferenttypesofchannelsbelow0.796nm^2.Notably,comparedwiththeothertwochannels,waterinequi-lateraltriangularchannelsdisplaysthegreatestmobilities.Moreover,at0.425nm^2,differentorderedstructuresarefoundinthethreechannels,andwaterinsidethesquarechannelexhibitsanextremelylowInobility.Itisalsofoundthatabove0.796nm^2,themobilitiesalongthetubeaxisofwatercon-vergetothatofthebulk.Thesephenomenaareunderstoodbyanalyzingthestructure,dynamics,andhydrogenbondingofwater.Ourworkexploresthemobilitiesofwateracrossnoncireularcarbonnanoehannels,whichmayexpandtheprospectofnoneireularnanochannelsinscientificstudiesandpracticalapplications,suchasdesalinationanddrugdelivery.

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简介：ConstructingareasonablereactionkineticmodelforCr-containingwasteincinerationisofhighsignificancetostudytheeffectofvariousfactors,suchastemperature,Cl,onitshexavalentchromiumcompounds.Inthispaper,aprimaryCr/H/Air/ClreactionkineticmodelisbuiltandstudiedbyGaussian03codewithquantumchemistrytheory.Numericalresultsshowthattherearetwooverallreactionsinthemodel,eachofthetwooverallreactionsconsistsoftheirrespectivetwoelementaryreactions.Sothetwooverallreactionsshouldbeomittedfromthemodel.Instead,thefourelementaryreactionsshouldbeaddedintheCr/H/Air/Clreactionkineticmodel.Theactivationenergiesofthefourelementaryreactionsarealsocalculated.

简介：OurexperimentsshowthatexternalfocusingandinitiallaserenergystronglyinfluencesfilamentgeneratedbythefemtosecondTi–sapphirelaserinair.Theexperimentalmeasurementsshowthefilamentlengthcanbeextendedbothbyincreasingthelaserenergyandfocallengthoffocusinglens.Ontheotherhand,theplasmafluorescenceemissioncanbeenhancedbyincreasingthelaserenergywithfixedfocallengthordecreasingthefocallength.Inaddition,thecollapsedistancemeasuredexperimentallyarelargerthanthecalculatedonesowingtothegroup-velocity-dispersioneffect.Inaddition,wefindthatthelinewidthsofthespectrallinesfromN2isindependentoffilamentpositions,laserenergiesandexternalfocusing.

简介：纸与空气在氢，天然气或煤油蒸汽的混合物描述燃烧的电子横梁开始的结果。电子横梁特征与不动的气体在关上的体积被学习。研究包括了一根电子横梁，当前的密度的分发和电子的平均精力的一个评价的综合电流的定义。借助于在在在入口的高速度的燃烧室的这条途径的燃料混合物点火的可能性被表明。实验在4和5的马赫数字被执行。在电子横梁行动下面的点火和燃烧的过程被研究。混合的点火发生在电子枪操作的结束以后，这被揭示。获得的数据为氢和天然气的点火证实了电子横梁申请的有效性。在隧道的混合的燃烧的数字模拟根据雷纳兹借助于ANSYSCFD12.0乐器学被执行平均海军司烧方程使用SST/k-骚乱模型。为燃烧建模，有8种类的38反应的一个详细运动计划被实现考虑有限的率化学。计算证明了发达模型允许甚至在低流动温度预言混合物和火焰繁殖的点火。

简介：因为免费表面旋涡吸收的空气在抽的系统上导致噪音，颤动，和成穴腐蚀，免费表面旋涡控制在一个泵池系统是重要的。在这研究，在泵吸入的免费表面旋涡和空气吸收的变化被部分(VOF)方法的体积与稳定的多相的流动模型一起调查了以便确切代表免费表面旋涡的行为。同类的免费表面模型被用来使用空气和水的相互作用。结果证明由免费表面旋涡运动的空气吸入能用空气体积部分的iso表面被设想。旋涡用免费表面做空气列到泵吸入。另外，免费表面旋涡能被安装窗帘墙控制，这被发现。

简介：现在的学习由理论计算与空气喷气集中于一个穿孔盘子的声学的吸收性能的预言。另外，我们试验性地用一个声学的阻抗试管测量了流动率，内部压力，声学的压力，和转移功能。正常发生吸收系数用转移功能方法从测量转移功能被计算。我们在声学的吸收特征上调查了一个穿孔盘子的背景空气空间，流动速度，厚度，孔率，和孔直径的影响。声学的吸收系数的频率特征在本地频率显示出最大的价值。当背景空气空间增加了，声学的吸收特征的山峰频率减少了。当通过孔的流动速度增加了，声学的吸收系数的山峰水平也增加了。理论结果与试验性的同意了很好品质上。

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简介：为了调查一个单身者的角色，在一个单身的模型在热空气流动，为解决传送对流的方法论，传导，和放射用热电偶在稳定的温度测量上防护被提供。以便与试验性的结果作比较，一个圆柱的计算领域被建立，它是有热刻度风隧道的一样的尺寸。在计算领域，二种热电偶，赤裸祷告并且防护单人赛的热电偶，分别地被模仿。表面温度分发和二个典型热电偶的温度测量偏爱被比较。模拟结果显示那：1)盾的存在减少祷告表面热流动并且改变电线的方向在更冷的包围的内部热传导；2)盾的存在由改进祷告表面温度并且由减少表面温度减少温度测量偏爱坡度；3)盾有效地在温度测量偏爱上减少周围的温度的效果；4)盾有效地在温度测量偏爱上减少气流速度的影响。