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简介：Thehomogeneousnucleationwithsubsequentspontaneouscondensationofwater,pentanol,andethanolvaporsinacarriergasareinvestigatedexperimentallyandtheoreticallyintheexpansionpartofashocktube.TheprecisepressureandMCWmeasurementsgiveadditionalinformationaboutthewetness,sothatthenucleationandcondensationrateswhicharecloselycoupledforstrongerexpansionratesaredetermiedmoreaccurately,Predictionsoftheprincipleoftheminimumofentropyproductionarecomparedwithexperimentsperformedforwater,ethanolandpentanolatdifferentpressures.

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简介：Beingoneofthemostabundantintracellularproteins，heatshockproteins(HSPs)havemanyhousekeepingfunctionswhicharecrucialforthesurvivaloforganisms．Inaddition,someHSPsarenewimmunoactivemoleculeswhichplayimportantrolesinbothadaptiveandinnateimmunity．TheycouldactivateCD8^+andCD4^+lymphocytes，induceinnateimmuneresponseincludingnaturalkiller(NK)cellactivationandcytokinesecretion，andinducematurationofdendriticcells(DCs)．Thesecharacteristicshavebeenusedforimmunotherapyofvarioustypesofcancersandinfectiousdisenses．ThisreviewfocusesonthemainHSPfamilies——HSP70and90families．ThemechanismofHSPs’functioninelicitingimmuneresponseareelucidatedandvariousformsofHSPsusedinimmunotherapyarediscussedindetails．Attheendofthisreview,authorssummarizeclinicaltrialsrelatedtoHSPsandevaluatetheirclinicalefficacy．

简介：我们报导新二化性蚕，Bombyx粗腐殖质istrainsNB_4D_2，KSO_1，NP_2，CSR_2和CSR_4和热的微分表示的thermotolerance在不同中间形态震惊蛋白质。蚕larva的不同中间形态被使遭到在35°C，40°C和45°C加热吃惊2小时恢复跟随的2个小时。热吃惊蛋白质被热吃惊的SDS-PAGE.The影响在茧的商业特点上分析被后面的不同策略在控制上以获得的thermotolerance分析。比较地，NP_2比另外的种类展出了bettersurvivability。当幼虫的开发在第一中间形态>秒中间形态>的顺序继续，加热吃惊的抵抗被增加第三中间形态>第四中间形态>在所有蚕种类的第五中间形态。热吃惊蛋白质的表示在不同中间形态变化。在第一，第二和第三中间形态，在第四中间形态的84kDa和84，62，60，47和33kDa的90kDa在第五中间形态加热吃惊蛋白质响应热吃惊被观察。对应于不同阶段的商业特点上的热吃惊的相对影响在所有紧张是重要的。InNB_4D_2，茧和壳重量显著地分别地在控制上增加了到17.52%和19.44%。热为评估和进化ofthermotolerant蚕紧张作为分子的标记震惊蛋白质因为热带被讨论。

简介：Thispaperstudiestheinteractionofshockandgradientwave(soundwave)ofsolutionstothesystemofinviscidisentropicgasdynamicsasamodelforthecorrespondingproblemsfornonlinearhyperbolicsystems.Theproblemcanbereducedtoaboundaryvalueprobleminawedgeddormain,ByusingthemethodofconstructingasymptoticsolutionsandNewton'siterationprocessitisprovedthatifaweakshockhitsagradientwave,thenthegrandientwavewillsplitintotwogradientwaves,whiletheshockcontinusespropagating.Inthispapertheauthorreducestheproblemtoastandardformandconstructsasymptoticsolutionoftheproblem.Theexistenceofthegenuinesolutionwillhegiveninthefollowingpaper.

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简介：Hydraulicmechanismofrillformationwasstudiedtheoreticallyandexperimentally.Itwasassumedthattheimpactofvariedboundaryonoverlandflowresultsinfluctuatingofwatersurface,andshockwavesthatmaycontributetotheformationofrills.Boththeoreticalderivationandlaboratoryexperimentswereusedtocomparethehydrauliccharacteristicsofflowswithandwithoutshockwaves.Resultsshowedthatshockwavescanleadtoanincreaseinflowdepth,flowvelocity,andturbulenceintensity.Consequently,flowshearstressorstreamenergyincreasedramaticallyandrillheadcutsmayoccurwhereshockwavesconverge.

简介：正常冲击波，在一个机翼上终止一个本地超声的区域，限制它的表演并且成为来源高加速冲动的噪音。使用被动控制瓦解被建议冲击波。这个方法获得的流动结构的细节数字地被学习。一个新边界条件被开发了，它的应用程序的结果在嘴流动对实验被验证。崩溃被证实了并且详细说明流动细节的分析的冲击波的方法被介绍。由渐渐的压缩的一个冲击波的替换完全改变高速度的来源它的减小的冲动的噪音和熊潜力。关键词接近音速的流动-冲击波边界层相互作用-被动控制CLC数字O357.4+2

简介：Hugoniotrelationsofatwo-dimensionalaxialshockwithcurrentandmagneticfieldinacylindricalshocktubewereinvestigatedbyanumericalmethod.Theradialprofilesofthemagneticfield,electriccurrent,pressures,flowvelocitiesandtemperaturesbetweentheupanddown-streamradialforce-balancedplasmaoftheshockwererevealedbynumericalanalysis.Itisclearlyfoundthattheaxialshockcanleadtotwoeffects:oneisaninverseskineffect(i.e.,thecurrentdensityrisestowardsthecenteroftheconductor),theanotherisareversedcurrenteffectwhichoccursneartheedgeandaboutahalfradius.Itisalsofoundthattheradialgradientofpressure,densityandtemperatureallbecomeverylargenearthecenterduetotheaxialshock.

简介：Inordertoovercometheexistingdisadvantagesofofflinelasershockpeeningdetectionmethods,anonlinedetectionmethodbasedonacousticwavesignalsenergyisprovided.Duringthelasershockpeening,anacousticemissionsen-soratadefinedpositionisusedtocollecttheacousticwavesignalsthatpropagateintheair.Theacousticwavesignalissampled,stored,digitallyfilteredandanalyzedbytheonlinelasershockpeeningdetectionsystem.Thenthesystemgetstheacousticwavesignalenergytomeasurethequalityofthelasershockpeeningbyestablishingthecorrespondencebetweentheacousticwavesignalenergyandthelaserpulseenergy.ThesurfaceresidualstressesofthesamplesaremeasuredbyX-raystressanalysisinstrumenttoverifythereliability.Theresultsshowthatboththesurfaceresidualstressandacousticwavesignalenergyareincreasedwiththelaserpulseenergy,andtheirgrowthtrendsareconsistent.Finally,theempiricalformulabetweenthesurfaceresidualstressandtheacousticwavesignalenergyisestablishedbythecubicequationfitting,whichwillprovideatheoreticalbasisforthereal-timeonlinedetectionoflasershockpeening.

简介：Tofindouttheoptimalconcentration,infusionrateanddosageofsalineforresuscitation.Methods:Forty-fivedogswereusedtoestablishhypovolemicshockmodels.Thedogswereresuscitatedwithsalineofdifferentconcentrationsanddifferentdosagesunderdifferentinfusionrates,andtheresuscitationresultswerecompared.Results:Thebestconcentrationwas7.5%,thebestrateofinfusion20ml/min(avolumeequivalentto15%oftheshedblood)andthebestdosage5.71ml/kg.Themethodwaseffectiveforresuscitation,themeanarterialpressure(MAP)couldbeelevatedto89%ofthebaseline,andthisMAPcouldbekeptformorethanonehour.Conclusions:Using7.5%sodiumchloridesolutionequivalentto15%oftheshedbloodataninfusionrateof20ml/mincanachieveabestresuscitationresult.

简介：<正>DearEditor,Wepresentacaseof'Rhegmatogenousretinaldetachmentfollowingelectricalshockinjury'forevaluationforpublicationinyourjournal.Toourknowledge,thisisthefirstcaseofretinaltearsandretinaldetachmentcausedbyanelectricalshockreportedintheliterature.That

简介：Themajorflowphysicsoftheunsteadycondensationinthesubsonicflowsinducedbytheunsteadyexpansionwavesinshocktubewasstudiedinthispaper.Theunsteadycondensationphenomenonwasanalyzedbyusingthetwo-dimensional,unsteady,Navier-Stokesequations,whichwerefullycoupledwithadropletgrowthequation.Thethird-orderTVDMUSCLschemewasappliedtosolvethegoverningequationsystems.Thecomputationalresultswerecomparedwiththepreviousexperimentaldata.Thetime-dependentbehaviorofunsteadycondensationofmoistairinshocktubewasinvestigatedindetails.Theresultsshowthatthemajorcharacteristicsoftheunsteadycondensationphenomenoninshocktubeareverydifferentfromthoseinthesupersonicwindtunnels.

简介：AbstractHeat shock protein 96 (gp96) is a highly conserved protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. The functions of gp96 include promoting the oncogenesis and progression of glioma. In addition, tumor-derived gp96 can activate anti-tumor immune. Therefore, this protein was used to generate an anti-tumor vaccine and widely applied to glioma therapy. This review summarizes the mechanisms of gp96 in glioma oncogenesis and clinical trials of the gp96 tumor vaccine in glioma treatment.

简介：在这份报纸，蒸汽吃惊前面的思考现象(前面的双方在蒸汽阶段)在货车derWaals，液体被考虑。1-dimensional案例和多维的案例被调查。作者发现在某些条件下面，反映的波浪能是单个震动，或一个单身者亚声的阶段边界，或和一条亚声的阶段边界的一弱震动，它取决于事件吃惊的力量。这由于在1989的陈与在一个煤气的动态系统的吃惊前面的思考的已知的结果不同。

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简介：Objective:Tostudytheeffectofmethylprednisolone(MP)onreperfusioninjuryinsevereuncontrolledhemorrhagicshockandexplorethepossiblemechanisminvolved.Methods:Twelvedogswererandomlydividedintotwogroups,controlgroup(GroupI,n=6)andMPgroup(GroupII,n=6).Theanimalswerebledcontinuouslyfromafemoralarterycathetertoproduceuncontrolledhemorrhagicshockmodels.ResuscitationwithlactatedRinger's(LR)solutionwasinitiatedwhenmeanarterialpressure(MAP)decreasedto20mmHg,andMAPwasmaintainedat30-40mmHg.MP(4mg/kg)wasinjectedintravenouslyinGroupIIwhenresuscitationbegan.WhileinGroupI,normalsaline(NS)wasinjectedinstead.Thelevelsofsuperoxidedismutase(SOD)andmalondialdehyde(MDA)weremeasuredbeforeexsanguination(T1),whenMAPdecreasedto20mmHg(T2),60min(T3)and120min(T4)afterresuscitation.Heartrate,MAPandcardiacoutput(CO)levelswererecordedconcomitantly.Results:InfusionvolumeandhemorrhagevolumeshedfromthesuperiormesentericarteryinGroupIwerehigherthanthoseinGroupII(P<0.01andP<0.05).Afterreperfusion,bloodSODlevelsdecreasedprogressivelyandMDAlevelsincreasedrapidlyinGroupI.InGroupII,bloodSODlevelsatT3andT4decreasedascomparedwiththatatT1butastepwiseincreasewaspresent.AtT4,bloodSODlevelwassignificantlyhigherinGroupIIthaninGroupI(P<0.01).AtT3andT4,MDAlevelsweremarkedlylowerinGroupIIthaninGroupI.Duringreperfusion,MAPwasmoresteadyinGroupIIthaninGroupIandsurvivalrateafter120min(atT4)washigherinGroupIIthaninGroupI(P<0.05).Conclusions:MPhasaprotectiveeffectonsevereuncontrolledhemorrhagicshockandsubsequentreperfusioninjury.Themechanismmainlyinvolvestheanti-lipidperoxidationactivityofMP.

简介：摘要BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESpasticity is a common sequala of the upper motor neuron lesions. For instance, it often occurs in the first 4 weeks after stroke and is seen in more than one-third of stroke survivors after 12 months. In recent years, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been recognized as a safe and effective method for reducing muscle spasticity. Possible/relevant mechanisms include nitric oxide production, motor neuron excitability reduction, induction of neuromuscular transmission dysfunction, and direct effects on rheological properties. There are two types of ESWT, focused and radial, with the radial type more commonly applied for treating muscle spasticity. Concerning the optimal location for applying ESWT, the belly muscles and myotendinous junction seem to produce comparable results. The effects of ESWT on spasticity are known to last at least four to six weeks, while some studies report durations of up to 12 weeks. In this review, the authors will focus on the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of ESWT in spasticity, as well as certain technical parameters of ESWT, e．g., the intensity, frequency, location, and number of sessions. The pertinent literature has been reviewed, with an emphasis on post-stroke upper limbs, post-stroke lower limbs, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. In short, while ESWT has positive effects on parameters such as the modified Ashworth scale, mixed results have been reported regarding functional recovery. Of note, as botulinum toxin injection is one of the most popular and effective pharmacological methods for treating spasticity, studies comparing the effects of ESWT and botulinum toxin injections, and studies reporting the results of their combination, are also reviewed in this paper.