简介：Background:TraditionalChinesesportsandphysicalactivities(PAs)havealonghistoryandarepracticedbymillionsofChinese.However,relativelyfewsystematicreviewsofthescientificevidencefortheirhealthbenefits,especiallyforolderChineseadults,havebeenundertaken.Evidenceacquisition:BetweenJanuaryandMarch2016,asystematicsearchwasconductedusingtheCNKIandPubMeddatabasestoidentifystudiespublishedbetween2000and2015.StudieswereselectedforreviewiftheyweredesignedspecificallytoevaluatethehealthbenefitsoftraditionalChinesesportsandPAsinadultsaged50yearsandolderintheMainlandofChina.Thestudiesincludedobservational,uncontrolled,andrandomizedandcontrolleddesigns.PaperspublishedwithoutanEnglishtitleorabstractwereexcluded.Evidencesynthesis:Theinitialsearchidentifiedatotalof229studies.Afterremovingduplicatesandstudiesthatdidnotmeettheinclusion/exclusioncriteria,95studieswereselectedforreview.Specialattentionwasgiventostudiesofthemostcommonlypracticedactivities:TaiJiQuan,Qigong,andYangkoexercises.Apositiveassociationbetweenthesetypesofexerciseandhealthbenefitswasnotedforhealthyolderadultsandthosewithchronicdiseases.Evidenceonothertypesofactivitieswaslessclearduetothelimitednumberofstudiesconducted.Conclusion:ThereispromisingevidencethattraditionalChinesesportsandPAsprovidemanyhealthbenefitsforolderChineseadults.Whileadditionalscientificallyrigorousresearchiswarranted,promotingthesetraditionalandculturally-basedsportsandPAsasformsofbehavioralmedicineinprimaryandsecondarypreventionofdiseasesamongtheagingChinesepopulationwillhelpfulfillanurgentpublichealthneed.

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简介：Background:Studieshaveindicatedthatthereisapositiveandindirectrelationshipbetweenphysicalactivity(PA)andqualityoflife(QoL).Thecurrentstudyexaminedthisrelationshipthroughasocialcognitivemodelwithconsiderationtotheintermediaryeffectsofexerciseself-efficacy,andphysical(PCS,physicalcomponentsummary)andpsychological(MCS,mentalcomponentsummary)health.Additionally,thismodelwaswidenedtoincludeconceptsfromtheecologicaltheory,andanycausalassociationsamongneighborhoodenvironment,PA,andQoL.Methods:Sixhundredandeighty-fourphysicallyactiveadults(39.16±13.52years,mean±SD),livinginAthens,Greece,completedaseriesofquestionnairesmeasuringPA,QoL,exerciseself-efficacy,PCS,MCS,neighborhoodenvironment,andfamilyandfriendsupportforPA.Theexaminedmodelswereanalyzedusingstructuralequationmodeling.Results:Thesocialcognitiveandecologicalmodelsprovedtobeofappropriatefit.Withinthesocialcognitivemodel,PApositivelyaffectedQoLthroughthemediatingeffectsofexerciseself-efficacy,PCS,andMCS.Withregardstotheecologicalmodel,neighborhoodenvironmentpositivelyinfluencedQoLthroughtheintermediaryeffectsoffamilysupportforPA,exerciseself-efficacy,PA,PCS,andMCS.Conclusion:Resultsindicatedthatthemostimportantmediatorsintheexaminedmodelswereexerciseself-efficacyandhealth.Further,findingsdemonstratedtheroleofneighborhoodenvironmentinenhancingPAandQoL.Futurestudiesshouldbecarriedoutapplyinglongitudinaldataforabetterunderstandingoftheseassociationsovertime.

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简介：摘要：在体育中考改革的背景之下，小学与中学体育教学的联动性增强，在小学体育教学当中推广软式排球，可以显著发挥当前体育教学的特点，利用软式排球的柔软性、飞行速度慢以及色彩鲜艳等相映的体育教学的特征，突出当前体育教学的特性。文章研究软式排球在小学体育教学当中的优势，分析学生当前的接受度情况，指出软式排球在小学体育教学中的作用，并分析未来开展软式排球的教学特色，以提高学生的整体接受程度，促进一体化教学改革的形成。

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简介：Background:Neighborhoodbuiltenvironmentmayprofoundlyinfluencechildren’sphysicalactivity(PA)andbodyweight.ThisstudysystematicallyreviewedscientificevidenceregardingtheimpactofbuiltenvironmentonPAandobesityamongchildrenandadolescentsinChina.Methods:AkeywordandreferencesearchwasconductedinActiveLivingResearch,CochraneLibrary,PubMed,andWebofScience.Studiesthatmetallofthefollowingcriteriawereincludedinthereview:(1)studydesigns-experimentalstudies,observationalstudies,andqualitativestudies;(2)studysubjects-Chinesechildrenand/oradolescentsaged≤17years;(3)exposures-neighborhoodbuiltenvironment;(4)outcomes-PAand/orbodyweightstatus;(5)articletype-peer-reviewedpublications;(6)timewindowofsearch-fromtheinceptionofanelectronicbibliographicdatabasetoMay31,2018;(7)country-China;and(8)language-articleswritteninEnglish.Results:Atotalof20studies,including16cross-sectionalstudies,3longitudinalstudies,and1descriptivestudy,metthepredeterminedselectioncriteriaandwereincludedinthereview.Atotalof13studiesadoptedsubjectivebuiltenvironmentmeasuresreportedbyparentsand/orchildren,2adoptedobjectivemeasures(e.g.,geographicalinformationsystem,fieldobservations),and5adoptedbothobjectiveandsubjectivemeasures.PAbehaviorsincludedPA,physicalinactivity,sedentarybehavior,active/passivecommutingfrom/toschool,andparkvisits.Amongthe16studiesthatprovidedsomequantitativeestimatesoftheinfluenceofbuiltenvironmentonPAandbodyweightstatus,allreportedastatisticallysignificantrelationshipintheexpecteddirection.Availabilityandaccessibilityinproximitytogreenspaces,parks,recreationalfacilities,andsidewalkswerefoundtobeassociatedwithincreasedPAlevels,reducedsedentarybehaviors,and/oractivecommutingamongChinesechildrenandadolescents.Incontrast,theabsenceofbikelanesandlivinginhigherdensityresidentialareaswer

简介：Themainrequirementsforcurrentmedicalpracticeincludetheabilitytosolvecomplexmedicalproblemsandtohandlemedicaldevices.Asaresult,graduatesofmedicineareexpectedtohaveanadequatelevelofphysicalandtechnicalliteracy.Theaimofourstudywastofindouthowstudentsofmedicine,aftercompletingthesubjectBiophysics,solveamodelproblemfrommedicalpracticeandthefactorsthatcanaffectthecorrectnessoftheirsolution.Onehundredandtwenty-ninestudentswereaskedtorespondtothefollowingproblem:“Atfirstsight,astethoscopeappearstobeingoodcondition(bell,diaphragm,andtransfersystem)butyoudonothearanythingduringauscultation.Givereasons.”Alloftheanswerswerecategorisedandevaluatedquantitativelyandqualitatively.Thestudentswerenotabletocomprehensivelysolvethisproblem.Theyreliedontheirknowledgeofthemethodologyofmeasurementratherthanonthephysicalprinciplesofthemedicaldevice.Thesolutionssignificantlydependedongenderandtheirexperiencebeforeenteringmedicalschool.Therefore,weproposetheuseofproblem-basedlearningthatfocusesonrealpracticeproblemsintheteachingprocessatschoolsofalllevels.Implementingthismethodofteachingoverthelong-termwillenablestudentstofindtherightalgorithmforproblem-solving.

简介：1.IntroductionDailyphysicalactivity（PA）participationiscrucialtothehealthandwell-beingofyoungchildren.Alongwithtotalphysicalactivity（TPA;all-intensity）,moderate-to-vigorousphysicalactivity（MVPA）,orenergeticplay,isassociatedwithgreaterhealthbenefits,particularlyforpreschoolers（3-4years）,includingbutnotlimitedtoimprovedboneandskeletalpropertiesandcognitiveandpsychosocialhealth.1Centeredonthis,bothCanadaandAustraliahaverecentlyestablished24-HourMovementGuidelinesfortheEarlyYears,recommendingthat.

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简介：BackgroundDesigning在孩子和少年的年龄评价的一条简单、可存取的途径是运动和物理活动(PA)的领域里的大挑战。这研究被设计开发并且验证在代表性的研究在2014进行了的年轻children.MethodsIn估计年龄的一个physical-examination-based方法，我们执行了物理考试并且在上海在14,970小学孩子7-12岁之中估计了PA，中国。孩子们高度和出生日期的另外的生物信息通过他们的父母被查明。二指示物被使用开发一个性特定的年龄评价方程：预言的成熟高度(PPMH)和更黝黑的阶段的百分比。方程通过一条k褶层交叉验证途径被验证。到为评价精确性的支票，在估计的年龄(EA)和按年代先后的年龄和PA的差异之间的协会是EA的性特定的方程如下是的examined.ResultsThe：EA男孩=-6.071+6.559更黝黑的2+13.315更黝黑的3+14.130更黝黑的4+0.190PPMH-0.071更黝黑2

简介：TherecentpublicationbyChekroudetal.inLancetPsychiatryfocusesontherelationshipbetweenphysicalexerciseandmentalhealth.Mentalhealthisdefinedasoptimalpersonalfunctioning"resultinginproductiveactivities,fulfillingrelationshipswithotherpeople,andtheabilitytoadapttochangeandtocopewithadversity".(p.4)Recently,mentalhealthhasnolongerbeendescribedasadichotomousstatebutasacontinuum,withpersonalmentalstatesrangingfromhighlyfunctionaltomentallyill.

简介：Purpose:Thisstudyaimstocompareadolescents’cardiometabolicriskscorethroughanintegrativeclassificationofphysicalactivity(PA),whichinvolvesthecombinationofmoderate-to-vigorousphysicalactivity(MVPA)andsedentarybehavior(SB).Methods:Across-sectionalstudyderivedfromtheHealthyLifestyleinEuropebyNutritioninAdolescenceCross-SectionalStudydatabase(2006-2008)wasconductedinadolescents(n=548;boys,47.3%;14.7±1.2years)from10Europeancities.MVPAandSBwereobjectivelymeasuredusingaccelerometry.Adolescentsweredividedinto4categoriesaccordingtoMVPA(meetingornotmeetingtheinternationalrecommendations)andthemedianofSBtime(aboveorbelowsex-andage-specificmedian)asfollows:High-SB&Inactive,Low-SB&Inactive,High-SB&Active,andLow-SB&Active.Aclusteredcardiometabolicriskscorewascomputedusingthehomeostaticmodelassessment,systolicbloodpressure,triglycerides,totalcholesterol/high-densitylipoproteincholesterol,sum4skinfolds,andcardiorespiratoryfitness(CRF).AnalysesofcovariancewereperformedtodiscerndifferencesoncardiometabolicriskscoresamongPAcategoriesandeachhealthcomponent.Results:ThecardiometabolicriskscorewaslowerinadolescentsmeetingtheMVPArecommendationandwithlesstimespentinSBincomparisontothehigh-SB&Inactivegroup(p<0.05).However,nodifferenceincardiometabolicriskscorewasestablishedbetweenHigh-SBorLow-SBgroupsininactiveadolescents.ItisimportanttonotethatCRFwastheonlyvariablethatshowedasignificantmodification(higher)whenchildrenwerecomparedfromthecategoryofphysicallyinactivewith"active"butnotfromhigh-tolow-SB.Conclusion:Beingphysicallyactiveisthemostsignificantandprotectiveoutcomeinadolescentstoreducecardiometabolicrisk.LowerSBdoesnotexhibitasignificantandextrabeneficialdifference.

简介：ThesignificantincreaseinthenumberofolderadultsinChina,coupledwithcontinuingindustrializationandurbanization,hasprofoundsocialandeconomicramifications,includingtheevolutionofmajorchallengestopublichealth,eldercareservices,policy-making,andthenation’shealthcaresystem.WhiletheunprecedentedchangesinpoliticalandeconomicstructureshaveobviouslyincreasedChina’sproductivityandrevenues,whatislesswellunderstoodishowtheyhave

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