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简介：在这研究，我们比较了由我们与慢可编程的结冰的快速的结冰的内部方法人的精子结冰/融化重复的效果。从11个normozoospermic题目的精子样品通过密度坡度被处理并且把aliquots划分了成三：非结冰，快速的结冰并且慢可编程的结冰。在快速的结冰组的精子活动性和生存能力最好在慢结冰比那些组织(P<；0.01)在结冰/融化的第一，第二和第三个周期以后，但是在形态学没有差别。在第二个实验，快速的结冰在20个题目被重复三次。从每个融化的周期的样品用碱的彗星试金为DNA破碎被评估。DNA破碎开始在结冰/融化的第二个周期以后更加增加了。在第三个实验，快速的结冰在10个题目反复被做，直到没有能动精子在融化以后被观察。结冰/融化那个产出的不能动的精子重复的中部的数字是七(范围：5-8，意味着：6.8)。在结论，我们表明了那我们的快速的结冰方法给了更好的结果比的使用的处理精液结冰/融化重复标准慢可编程的结冰。这个方法能帮助在帮助繁殖技术最大化宝贵cryopreserved精子样品的用法。

简介：在西北太平洋(NWP)形成的热带气旋(TC)能有时穿过华南海(SCS)。在在11月的SCS的TC轨道在1980前与那些相比在1980以后被转移到北方，这被发现。数据分析和数字模拟证明在SCS温暖的表面可以更向北方贡献这移动。温暖在西北的SCS生产一个气旋的空气发行量异例并且一联系在驾驶TC到北方的中央SCS南方。

简介：GlobalgriddeddailymeandatafromtheNCEP/NCARReanalysis(1948-2012)areusedtoobtaintheonsetdate,retreatdateanddurationtimeseriesoftheSouthChinaSeasummermonsoon(SCSSM)forthepast65years.Thesummermonsoononset(retreat)dateisdefinedasthetimewhenthemeanzonalwindat850hPashiftssteadilyfromeasterly(westerly)towesterly(easterly)andthepseudo-equivalentpotentialtemperatureatthesamelevelremainssteadyatgreaterthan335K(lessthan335K)intheSouthChinaSeaarea[110-120°E(10-20°N)].TheclockwisevortexoftheequatorialIndianOceanregion,togetherwiththecross-equatorialflowandthesubtropicalhigh,playsadecisiveroleintheburstoftheSCSSM.TheonsetdateoftheSCSSMiscloselyrelatedtoitsintensity.Withlate(early)onsetofthesummermonsoon,itsintensityisrelativelystrong(weak),andthezonalwindundergoesanearly(late)abruptchangeintheuppertroposphere.ClimatewarmingsignificantlyaffectstheonsetandretreatdatesoftheSCSSManditsintensity.Withclimatewarming,thenumberofearly-onset(-retreat)yearsoftheSCSSMisclearlygreater(less),andtheSCSSMisclearlyweakened.

简介：Asthestrongestsubseasonalatmosphericvariabilityduringborealwinter,threeremarkablesuddenstratosphericmajorwarming(SSW)eventsinthe2000sareinvestigatedintermsoftheBrewer–Dobsoncirculation(BDC)response.Ourstudyshowsthatthechangesofcross-isentropicvelocityduringtheSSWsarenotonlyconfinedtothepolarregion,butalsoextendtothewholeNorthernHemisphere:enhanceddescentinthepolarregion,aswellasenhancedascentinthetropics.WhentheaccelerationofthedeepbranchoftheBDCdescendstothemiddlestratosphere,itsstrengthrapidlydecreasesoveraperiodofonetotwoweeks.TheaccelerationofthedeepbranchoftheBDCisdrivenbytheenhancedplanetarywaveactivityinthemid-to-high-latitudestratosphere.DifferentfromtherapidresponseofthedeepbranchoftheBDC,tropicalupwellinginthelowerstratosphereacceleratesupto20%–40%comparedwiththeclimatology,20–30daysaftertheonsetoftheSSWs,andtheaccelerationlastsforonetothreemonths.Theenhancementoftropicalupwellingisassociatedwiththelarge-scalewave-breakinginthesubtropicsinteractingwiththemidlatitudeandtropicalQuasi-BiennialOscillation–relatedmeanflow.

简介：Background:Treelinedynamicshaveinevitableimpactsontheforesttreelinestructureandcomposition.ThepresentresearchsoughttoestimatetreelinemovementandstructuralshiftsinresponsetorecentwarminginCehennemdere,Turkey.Afterimplementinganatmosphericcorrection,thegeo-shiftingofimageswasperformedtomatchimagestogetherforaperpixeltrendanalysis.WedevelopedanewapproachbasedontheNDVI,LST(landsurfacetemperature)data,airtemperaturedata,andforeststandmapsfora43-yearperiod.Theforesttreelineborderwasmappedontheforeststandmapsfor1970,1992,2002,and2013toidentifyshiftsinthetreelinealtitudes,andthenprofilestatisticswerecalculatedforeachperiod.Twentysampleplots(10×10pixels)wereselectedtoestimatetheNDVIandLSTshiftsacrosstheforesttimberlineusingper-pixeltrendanalysisandnon-parametricSpearman’scorrelationanalysis.Inaddition,thespatialandtemporalshiftsintreelinetreespecieswerecomputedwithintheselectedplotsforfourtimeperiodsontheforeststandmapstodeterminethepioneertreespecies.Results:Astatisticallysignificantincreasingtrendinallclimatevariableswasobserved,withthehighestslopeinthemonthlyaveragemeanJulytemperature(tau=0.62,ρ<0.00).Theresultantforeststandmapsshowedageographicalexpansionofthetreelineinboththehighestaltitudes(22m–45m)andthelowestaltitudes(20m–105m)from1970to2013.TheperpixeltrendanalysisindicatedanincreasingtrendintheNDVIandLSTvalueswithintheselectedplots.Moreover,increasesintheLSTwerehighlycorrelatedwithincreasesintheNDVIbetween1984and2017(r=0.75,ρ<0.05).CedruslibaniandJuniperuscommunisapp.weretwopioneertreespeciesthatexpandedandgrewconsistentlyonopenlands,primarilyonrocksandsoil-coveredareas,from1970to2013.Conclusion:Thepresentstudyilustratedthatforesttreelinedynamicsandtreelinestructuralchangescanbedetectedusingtwodata

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简介：基于三个全球年度吝啬的表面温度时间系列和三个中国年度平均数表面空气温度时间系列，多重timescales上的气候变化趋势被使用多滑动的时间窗户的趋势评价方法分析。结果被用来在1998-2012期间讨论所谓的全球温暖的中断。不同开始和结束时间在趋势评价的结果上有明显的效果，这被表明，并且当使用一扇短窗户时，含意特别地大。全球温暖的中断在1998-2012期间是在短timescales上看温度系列的结果；并且类似于它的事件，或有甚至冷的趋势的事件，实际上历史上多次发生了。因此，全球温暖的中断是可能的是长期的温度变化的一个期刊特征。它主要在短学期反映温度，和如此的现象的十的可变性不从长远的观点看改变全面温暖趋势。

简介：Inthisstudy,weanalyzedthedynamicalevolutionofthemajor2012–2013NorthernHemisphere(NH)stratosphericsuddenwarming(SSW)onthebasisofERA-InterimreanalysisdataprovidedbytheECMWF.Theintermittentupward-propagatingplanetarywaveactivitiesbeginninginlateNovember2012ledtoaprominentwavenumber-2disturbanceofthepolarvortexinearlyDecember2012.However,nomajorSSWoccurred.InmidDecember2012,whenthepolarvortexhadnotfullyrecovered,amixtureofpersistentwavenumber-1and-2planetarywavesledtogradualweakeningofthepolarvortexbeforethevortexspliton7January2013.EvolutionofthegeopotentialheightandEliassen-Palmfluxbetween500and5hPaindicatesthatthefrequentoccurrenceoftroposphericridgesoverNorthPacificandthewestcoastofNorthAmericacontributedtothepronouncedupwardplanetarywaveactivitiesthroughoutthetroposphereandstratosphere.AftermidJanuary2013,thewavenumber-2planetarywavesbecameenhancedagainwithinthetroposphere,withadeepenedtroughoverEastAsiaandNorthAmericaandtworidgesbetweenthetroughs.Theenhancedtroposphericplanetarywavesmaycontributetothelong-lastingsplittingofthepolarvortexinthelowerstratosphere.The2012–2013SSWshowscombinedfeaturesofbothvortexdisplacementandvortexsplitting.Therefore,theanomaliesoftroposphericcirculationandsurfacetemperatureafterthe2012–2013SSWresembleneithervortex-displacednorvortex-splitSSWs,butthecombinationofallSSWs.TheremarkabletroposphericridgeextendingfromtheBeringSeaintotheArcticOceantogetherwiththeresultingdeepenedEastAsiantroughmayplayimportantrolesinbringingcoldairfromthehighArctictocentralNorthAmericaandnorthernEurasiaatthesurface.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Hypothermia is associated with many adverse clinical outcomes in pediatric patients, and thus, it is important to find an effective and safe method for preventing peri-operative hypothermia and its associated adverse outcomes in pediatric patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of forced-air warming blankets with different temperatures on changes in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-10 levels in children undergoing surgical treatment for developmental displacement of the hip (DDH).Methods:The study included 123 children undergoing surgery for DDH under general anesthesia. The patients were randomly assigned to three groups, using a random number table: the 32, 38, and 43°C groups according to the temperature setting of the forced-air warming blankets. For each patient, body temperature was recorded immediately after anesthesia induction and intubation (T0), at initial incision (T1), at 1 h after incision (T2), at 2 h after incision (T3), at the end of surgery (T4), immediately upon return to the ward after surgery (T5), and then at 12 h (T6), 24 h (T7), 36 h (T8), and 48 h (T9) after the surgery. The serum levels of TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10 were measured at T0 and T4 for all groups.Results:The number of patients with fever in the 38°C group was significantly less than those in the 32 and 43°C groups (χ2 = 6.630, P= 0.036). At T0, the body temperatures in the 38 and 43°C groups were significantly higher than that in the 32°C group (F = 17.992, P < 0.001). At T2, the body temperature was significantly higher in the 43°C group than those in the 32 and 38°C groups (F= 12.776, P < 0.001). Moreover, at T4, the serum levels of TGF-β (F = 3286.548, P < 0.001) and IL-10 (F = 4628.983, P < 0.001) were significantly increased in the 38°C group, and the serum levels of TNF-α (F= 911.415, P < 0.001) and IL-1β (F = 322.191, P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in the 38°C group, compared with the levels in the 32 and 43°C groups.Conclusion:Force-air warming blankets set at 38°C maintained stable body temperature with less adverse outcome and effectively inhibited the inflammatory response in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for DDH.Clinical trial registration:ChiCTR1800014820; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=25240.

简介：阐明Warming-up在初中英语教学中的重要作用,提出利用现代化信息技术,借助翼课网智能化同步教学平台,在Warming-up环节有效运用音乐和视频,能吸引学生的注意力,唤起学生强烈的求知欲和浓厚的学习兴趣,极大地调动学生的学习积极性。结合具体的教学实例,分析在Warming-up环节如何利用现代化信息技术合理选择并有效运用音乐和视频。