简介:AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disease defined by thrombotic or obstetrical events and persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). Chemokine-like factor-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family (CMTM) is widely expressed in the immune system and may closely related to APS. This review aimed to systematically summarize the possible effects of CMTM on APS. Publications were collected from PubMed and Web of Science databases up to August 2020. CKLF, CKLFSF, CMTM, antiphospholipid syndrome, immune cells, and immune molecules were used as search criteria. Immune cells, including neutrophil, dendritic cells (DCs), T-cells, B-cells, and inflammatory cytokines, play an important role in the development of APS. Chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1) has a chemotactic effect on many cells and can affect the expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules through the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) pathway or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MARK) pathway. CKLF1 can participate in the maturation of DCs, T lymphocyte activation, and the activation of neutrophils through the MAPK pathway. CMTM1 may act on Annexin A2 by regulating Ca2+ signaling. CMTM2 and CMTM6 are up-regulated in neutrophils of APS patients. Some CMTM family members influence the activation and accumulation of platelets. CMTM3 and CMTM7 are binding partners of B-cell linker protein (BLNK), thereby linking B cell receptor (BCR) and activating BLNK-mediated signal transduction in B cells. Moreover, CMTM3 and CMTM7 can act on DCs and B-1a cell development, respectively. CMTM may have potential effects on the development of APS by acting on immune cells and immune molecules. Thus, CMTM may act as a novel prognostic factor or immunomodulatory treatment option of APS.
简介:摘要生物类似药具有与参照药相似的质量、疗效和安全性,同时具有价格优势,对实现我国居民用药的更高可及性具有非常重要的意义。为加深对生物类似药这一新兴概念的正确认识,规范我国生物类似药的临床用药,共识专家组参考国内外相关循证医学证据,结合临床用药体会,经充分讨论沟通,达成以下共识:(1)生物类似药与参照药疗效等同、安全性相似,临床上可以替代使用;(2)根据"适应证外推"原则,生物类似药可获得参照药具有相同作用机制的其他所有适应证,而且对外推适应证的疗效和安全性与参照药相似;(3)对于正在接受治疗的患者,临床医生可根据患者情况,决定是否由使用参照药转换成使用生物类似药。
简介:[摘要] 线性代数是整个高等数学的基础课程之一,它除了可以应用于整个数学领域之外,还在物理学,生物学,经济学,密码学等方面都发挥着至关重要的作用。
简介:摘要目的对1例表现为轻度智力低下、特殊面容的孕妇进行遗传学分析,并为其提供产前诊断。方法采用常规G显带染色体核型分析和单核苷酸多态性微阵列(single nucleotide polymorphism array,SNP-array)检测对孕妇夫妇外周血及其羊水样本进行分析。结果孕妇夫妇外周血及羊水样本核型分析均未见异常,SNP-array检测提示孕妇携带10q22.3q23.2区7.801 Mb缺失,涉及CDHR1、BMPR1A、NRG3、GRID1、LDB3等18个OMIM基因,与面容异常、发育迟缓、智力低下、自闭症相关。胎儿亦携带相同区域的7.819 Mb缺失,父亲检测结果未见异常。结论孕妇和胎儿均携带10q22.3q23.2微缺失,明确病因后可指导其再生育。
简介:摘要目的联合应用多种技术产前检测1例胎儿13q33.3-q34微缺失。方法采集中孕期胎儿羊水及其父母外周血样本,行常规染色体核型分析,并应用单核苷酸多态性微阵列芯片(single nucleotide polymorphism array,SNP-array)技术对胎儿及其父母进行全基因组拷贝数变异分析,最后采用荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)进行确诊。结果胎儿羊水细胞染色体核型为46,XN,16qh+,SNP结果为13q33.3-q34区段缺失2.1 Mb;胎儿父亲外周血染色体核型为46,XY,16qh+,SNP结果为13q13.3-q14.2区段存在10.5 Mb杂合性缺失片段;胎儿母亲外周血染色体及SNP结果均未见异常。FISH检测结果显示胎儿父母未发现有13q33.3位点片段的缺失、重复或易位等异常。出生后小儿无异常临床表型。结论通过结合染色体G显带核型分析、SNP-array以及FISH,产前确诊1例13q33.3-q34微缺失胎儿。其微缺失基因型与临床表型相关性还需进一步研究。