简介:Thereliabilityofreal-timeembeddedsoftwaredirectlydeterminesthereliabilityofthewholereal-timeembeddedsystem,andtheeffectivesoftwaretestingisanimportantwaytoensuresoftwarequalityandreliability.Basedontheanalysisofthecharacteristicsofreal-timeembeddedsoftware,theformalmethodisintroducedintothereal-timeembeddedsoftwaretestingfieldandthereal-timeextendedfinitestatemachine(RT-EFSM)modelisstudiedfirstly.Then,thetimezonedivisionmethodofreal-timeembeddedsystemispresentedandthedefinitionanddescriptionmethodsoftime-constrainedtransitionequivalenceclass(timeCTEC)arepresented.Furthermore,theapproachesofthetestingsequenceandtestcasegenerationareputforward.Finally,theproposedmethodisappliedtoatypicalavionicsrealtimeembeddedsoftwaretestingpracticeandtheexamplesofthetimeCTEC,testingsequencesandtestcasesaregiven.Withtheanalysisofthetestingresult,theapplicationverificationshowsthattheproposedmethodcaneffectivelydescribethereal-timeembeddedsoftwarestatetransitioncharacteristicsandreal-timerequirementsandplaytheadvantagesoftheformalmethodsinaccuracy,effectivenessandtheautomationsupporting.Combinedwiththetestingplatform,thereal-time,closedloopandautomatedsimulationtestingforreal-timeembeddedsoftwarecanberealizedeffectively.
简介:Inthispaper,weconsiderthegeneralizedtranslationsassociatedwiththeDunklandtheJacobi-Dunkldifferential-differenceoperatorsonthereallinewhichprovidethestructureofsignedhrpergroupsonR.Especially,westudytherepresentationofthegeneralizedtranslationsoftheproductoftwofunctionsforthesesignedhypergroups.
简介:TheeconomicbenefitsandoptimalrotationageofLarixkaempferipulpwoodplantationwereanalyzedunderstochasticpulpwoodpriceusingrealoptionsapproachinordertomoreeffectivelymanagementtoL.kaempferipulpwoodplantationinnorthernsub-tropicalalpinearea.Flexiblerotationageandthresholdpricetodifferentstandageofdifferentsiteindexplantationweredeveloped.Theresultindicatedthat:1)theoptimalrotationageofL.kaempferiplantationinsiteindex15,17,19,21was25,23,21and19a,respectively,asthecurrentpulpwoodpriceequals500yuan·m-3,andtheshortestrotationagewas23,20,17and15awhenfacingtobetterprice;and2)Waitoptionshouldbetheoptimumstrategyinanypulpwoodpricelevelwhenthestandageislowerthantheshortestrotationage.