简介：ApossiblemechanismisputforwardinthispaperforElNinoeventsfromtheviewpointofplatetec-tonicsandoceanicgeology.Anumberofthedataarecitedtoillustratetheviewsthatsea-bottomvolcanicac-tivitiesandhotspringsmaycauseElNinoevents.

简介：ElNinoaswellastheSouthernOscillationisoneofthestrongestsignalsknownsofaroverclimaticnoiseininterannualvariationsoftheatmosphereandoceans.Agreatnumberofstudieshaveshowndefinitelyrelationshipsbe-tweentheeventsandclimaticanomaliesinChina.Inthisreview,observationalresultsobtainedintherecentseveralyearsarefirstsummarized.ThenthepossiblephysicalmechanismsontheinfluenceofElNinoarepresentedand,finally,theassociatedproblemsarediscussed.

简介：Inthispaper,byusingspectralmethod,themonthly-andseasonal-scaleatmosphericdiabaticheatflow(ADHF)departurefieldsarediagnosedintheperiodof1964—1985with6ElNinoyearsand6anti-ElNinoyearsovertheNorthernhemisphere(NH).TheresultsshowthatElNinophenomenahavepronouncedinfluenceontheADHFdepar-turefields.Theresponseofatmosphereexhibitsapreferredarrangementoforganizingpositiveandnegativedeparturecentersatlow,middleandhighlatitudes.Inanti-ElNinoyears,theresponsehasthesameformsasinElNinoyears,butdeparturecentersareoppositeinphase.Furthermore,ADHFdepartureshowslow-frequencyoscillationinElNinoyearsandanti-ElNinoyears.ThecenterofdifferenceindeparturebetweenElNinoandanti-ElNinoyearsdisplaysabi-monthlyoscillation.Finally,throughair-seacorrelationanalysis,itispointedoutthattheSSTanomalyisthemostimportantcauseforADHFanomaly.

简介：OnthebasisofNOAA/CPCdataofseasurfacetemperatureanomalyintheNinoregionsduringJan.1950-Dec.2003,thewaveletpowerspectrumofSSTwerestudiedwithsignificanceandconfidencetestingatdifferentscalesinthispaper.ItshowsthattheSSTareprovidedwithmulti-timescalesstructurenestedoneanother,andvaryonscalesof2-7years,8-20yearsand＞30years.Themostsignificantvariationofthewarmandcoldepisodesisinthe4-yearbandofperiod.Thepower,frequencystructureandconfidenceofthesameepisodearedifferentindifferentNinoregions.TheintensityofoscillationsisincreasingatlowfrequencybandsanddecreasingathighfrequencybandsfromeasttowestintheNinoregions,especiallyafter1970.

简介：Inthispaper,theinfluenceofElNi?oeventontheMadden-JulianOscillation(MJO)overtheequatorialPacificisstudiedbyusingreanalysisdataandrelevantnumericalsimulationresults.ItisclearlyshownthatElNi?ocanreducetheintensityofMJO.ThekineticenergyofMJOovertheequatorialPacificisstrongerbeforetheoccurrenceoftheElNi?oevent,butitisreducedrapidlyafterElNi?oeventoutbreak,andtheweakenedMJOevencancontinuetothenextsummer.Theconvectionoverthecentral-westernPacificisweakenedinElNi?owinter.ThepositiveanomalousOLRoverthecentral-westernPacifichasoppositevariationinElNi?owintercomparingtothenon-ENSOcases.TheverticalstructureofMJOalsoaffectedbyElNi?oevent,sotheoppositedirectionfeaturesofthegeopotentialheightandthezonalwindinupperandlowerleveltropospherefortheMJOarenotremarkableintheElNi?owinterandtendtobebarotropicfeatures.ElNi?oeventalsohasaninfluenceontheeastwardpropa-gationoftheMJOtoo.DuringElNi?owinter,theeastwardpropagationoftheMJOisnotsoregularandunanimousandthereexistssomeeastwardpropagation,whichisfasterthanthatinnon-ENSOcase.DynamicanalysessuggestthatpositiveSSTA(ElNi?ocase)affectstheatmosphericthicknessovertheequatorialPacificandthentheexcitedatmosphericwave-CISKmodeisweakened,sothattheintensityofMJOisreduced;thecombiningofthebarotropicunstablemodeintheatmosphereexcitedbyexternalforcing(SSTA)andtheoriginalMJOmaybeanimportantreasonfortheMJOverticalstructuretendingtobebarotropicduringtheElNi?o.

简介：IthaslongbeenacknowledgedthattherearetwotypesofElNioevents,i.e.,theeasternPacificElNio(EE)andthecentralPacificElNio(CE),accordingtotheinitialpositionoftheanomalouswarmwateranditspropagationdirection.Inthispaper,theoceanicandatmosphericevolutionsandthepossiblemechanismsofthetwotypesofElNioeventswereexamined.ItisfoundthatalltheElNioevents,CEorEE,couldbeattributedtothejointimpactsoftheeastwardadvectionofwarmwaterfromthewesternPacificwarmpool(WPWP)andthelocalwarmingintheequatorialeasternPacific.BeforetheoccurrenceofCEevents,WPWPhadlongbeeninastateofbeinganomalouswarm,sothestrengthofeastwardadvectionofwarmwaterwasmuchstrongerthanthatofEE,whichplayedamajorroleintheformationofCE.WhilefortheEEevents,mostcontributioncamefromthelocalwarmingoftheequatorialeasternPacific.ItisfurtheridentifiedthattheimmediatecauseleadingtothedifferenceofthetwotypesofElNioeventswastheasynchronousvariationsoftheSouthernOscillation(SO)andtheNorthernOscillation(NO)asdefinedbyChenin1984.WhenthetransitionfromthepositivephaseoftheNO(NO+)toNO-waspriortothatfromSO+toSO-,therewouldbeeastwardpropagationofwesterlyanomaliesfromthetropicalwesternPacificinducedbyNOandhencethegrowthofwarmseasurfacetemperatureanomaliesinWPWPanditseastwardpropagation.ThiswasfollowedbylaggedSO-inducedweakeningofsoutheasttradewindsandlocalwarmingintheequatorialeasternPacific.ThesewereconducivetotheoccurrenceoftheCE.Onthecontrary,thetransitionfromSO+toSO-leadingthetransitionofNOwouldfavortheoccurrenceofEEtypeevents.

简介：WestatisticallyanalyzethetropicaltyphoonformingintheSouthChinaSeaanduseTC(TropicalCyclone)forshortinthefollowing)bytyphoonyearbook.Thetyphoonquantityisverydifferentindifferentmonthsandyears.TCappearsinallmonthsexceptMarch,andthemostTCquantityinayearis11,theleastis1and6.2onaverage.ThemostTCquantityinamonthis5andtheleastis0.TClandsmostinAugustandnoTClandsonChinesecontinentfromDecembertothefollowingApril.TheprimarylandingareaisbetweenShantouandHainanIsland.ThesustainingperiodofTCisusuallybetween4daysto7days,andthelongestis19days.Only15%oftheTCformingintheSouthChinaSeacanintensifytotyphoon,andtheyallformintheoceanareadeeperthan150m.TheSouthChinaSeaistheoceanareaoverwhichtheTCoccursfrequently.

简介：采用Harvard目录中1977－1994年及1960－1993年间的地震有关参数，由Dahlen理论和Lam-beck推出的有关公式估计了地震引起地球轴向惯性矩的累积变化，分析了地震和ElNino事件之间的联系，特别是震级大于5级地地震引起的位错所产生的地球轴向惯性矩的变化会有一个跳跃，这个跳跃的ElNino事件有着很好的对应关系。

简介：Ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃ　ｍｏｄｅｍｏｄｅｌ　ｏｆ　ｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌ　Ｐａｃｉｆｉｃ　Ｏｃｅａｎ　ａｎｄ　ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ　ｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍ　ｏｆ　Ｅｌ　ＮｉｎｏＺｈａｎｇＸｉａｎｇｄｏｎｇ；ＨｕａｎｇＳｈｉｓｏｎｇ；ａｎｄＺｈａｎｇＪｉｎｇ（Ｒ...

简介：AclassofnonlinearcoupledsystemforElNino-SouthernOscillation(ENSO)modelisconsidered.Usingtheasymptotictheoryandmethodofvariationaliteration,theasymptoticexpansionofthesolutionforENSOmodelsisobtained.

简介：统计、典型年的作文方法被用来与ElNino和LaNifia事件在关系学习西北太平洋台风活动。结果显示台风趋于在ElNifio年里不活跃并且在拉·尼娜年和它里活跃也依赖于事件的发作和台风的开始的区域。与在频率和海面温度(SST)之间的ElNifio和拉·尼娜年和时间落后关联里的台风活动的频率的统计特征。有用信息被为台风出现的预言提供。另外，单个价值拆卸(SVD)方法被使用学习在重力势领域和SST地之间的关联。结果证明在ElNino年里的由空至海的联合是相反的让台风发展，它与一个更小的数字发生。相反的状况与拉·尼娜年被发现。

简介：Basedonaseriesofdataanalyses,theintimaterelationsbetweenanomalouswintermonsooninEastAsiaandElNinoarcstudiedinthispaper.AnomalisticcirculationintheNorthernHemispherecausedbyElNinoeventcanleadtoenhancingtheFerre!cellandthewesterliesinthemid-latitudesastheHadleycellandresultinthelocationofthefrontzoneinEastAsiatothenorth.TheseareunfavourableforthecoldwavebreakingoutsouthwardinEastAsia.Therefore,thereatewarmerweatherandweakerwintermonsooninEastAsiainElNinowinter.TherearestrongerandfrequentcoldwavesinEastAsiaduringthewintertimepriortotheoccurrenceofElNinoevent.TheywillinducestrongerwintermonsooninEastAsia.Thus,theweakenedtradewindandenhancedcumulusconvectionintheequatorialmiddle-westernPacificareacausedbythestrongerwintermonsoonwillplayanimportantroleintheoccurrenceofElNinoevent.Therefore,theanomalouslystrongwintermonsooninEastAsiaduringwinter

简介：Acoupledmodel,whichisemployedtostudythedominatingfactorandkeyareaofElNinocycleformation,consistsofadynamicaloceanmodelandastatisticalatmosphericmodel.ThecoupledmodelwithseasonalforcingsuccessfullyreproducestheElNinoeventcyclewhichexhibitsquasi-regularoscillationswithapreferredperiodofabout4years.Theresultsshowthattheheatcontent(HC)istransportedbetweentheeasternandthewesterntropicalPacificareas.ThespatialdistributionofHCanomaliesforfourphasesofthewholecycleclearlyshowsapossibleformationmechanismofElNino.ExperimentsfurthersuggestthatseasurfacetemperatureinthetropicalPacificandHCinthecentraltropicalPacificarethemostimportantfactorsandthecentraltropicalPacificisthemostimportantareafordeterminingformationofElNinocycle.

简介：BasedontheSSTandwavedataobservedbyvesselspassingthroughtheNanshaIslandswaters,thispaperanalysesElNinoevent’seffectonhydrologicalfactorsintheabovewaters.Thepaperconcludes(1)SSTintheNanshaIslandswatervarieswiththatoftheEasternEquatorialPacificOceaninsynchronousphase,butvarieswiththatoftheWesternEquatorialPacificOceaninoppositephase;(2)theseastateinNanshaIslandswatersisrough,thefrequencyofgreatwaveincreasesintheyearofElNino,especiallyinthenextyearoftheyearofElNino.Thepaperdiscussesthereasonsfortheabovephenomena.

简介：Inthispaper,byusingtheECMWFobjectiveanalyseddataaswellasCACandNOAAgridpointdataof1981and1983,thesensibleandlatentheatfluxesattheairandseaboundarysurfacewithintherangeof45°E-75°W,35°N-35°SoverthePacificandtheIndianOceanarecalculated.Thepurposeistoanalysethedifferentrevealingfeaturesduringthematurestageandattheendofthe1982-1983ElNinoeventandtocomparethedifferenceofthefeaturesbetweenthdElNinoandthenormal.TheresultshowsthattheairandseaheatexchangewestofthedatelineoverthecentraltropicalPacificduringtheEJNinoperiodismoreintensethanthatofthenormal.However,thefluxesofthesensibleandlatentheatontheseasurfacewithstrongwarmingofSSTneatbyandonthesouthsideoftheequatoreastof170°Warelowandevennegative,andthepatternsofthesensibleandlatentheatfluxesovertheIndianOceanduringtheyearof1983aresimilertothatofnormal.Spatialpatternsofthesensible

简介：Byusingtheupper-winddatafromJuly1980toJune1983,thevariationsofthelow-frequencyoscillation(LFO)intheatmospherebeforeandduring1982ElNinohavebeeninvestigated.BeforetheElNino,theLFOpropagatesfromwesttoeastovertheequatoroftheEasternHemisphereandfromeasttowestover20°N.TheeastwardpropagatingLFOovertheequatorconsistsofzonalwavenumber1propagatingeastwardandzonalwavenumber2withacharacterofstationarywave.Theoscillationofzonalwavenumber2canmodulatetheoscillationstrength.AftertheonsetoftheElNino,thepropagatingdirectionsoftheLFOovertheequatorand20°NoftheEasternHemispherechangetobewestwardandeastward,respectively.TheLFOoverthewesternPacificweakensrapidlyandonecomingfrommiddleandhighlatitudespropagatestotheequator.Fromthephasecompositionsofstreamlinefieldsforthezonalwavenumber1ofequatorialwestwardpropa-gatirgLFO,itisfoundthattheatmosphericheatsourceintheequatoroftheeasternPacific(EEP)excitesaseriesoftheequatorialcyclonesandanticycloneswhichmovenorthwardandwestwardandformthewestwardpropagatingLFOovertheequator.Withthewavelengthof20000km,thiskindofequatorialwaveissimilartothemixingRossby-gravitywave.Initswestwardandnorthwardmovement,thecirculationinEastAsiaismodified.ThismaybethemechanismoftheinfluenceofElNinoontheclimateofChina.

简介：

简介：

简介：ThecentralPacific(CP)zonalwinddivergenceandconvergenceindicesaredefined,andtheformingmechanismofCPElNio(LaNia)eventsisdiscussedpreliminarily.Theresultsshowthatthedivergenceandconvergenceofthezonalwindanomaly(ZWA)arethekeyprocessintheformingofCPElNio(LaNia)events.AcorrelationanalysisbetweenthecentralPacificzonalwinddivergenceandconvergenceindicesandcentralPacificElNioindicesindicatesthatthereisaremarkablelagcorrelationbetweenthem.ThecentralPacificzonalwinddivergenceandconvergenceindicescanbeusedtopredicttheCPevents.Basedontheseresults,alinearregressionequationisobtainedtopredicttheCPElNio(LaNia)events5monthsahead.

简介：Thelong-termtimeseriesanalysisoftheSST(seasurfacetemperature)intheEasternEquatorialPacificOceanandthemonthlyMSL(meansealevel)inthetropicalPacificOceanisconducted.Theirquasiperiodicandlow-frequencyoscillationfeaturesarerevealed.Thesignificantperiodsoflow-frequencyfluctuationsformonthlyMSLintheareaof20°N-20°Sarebetween43.5monthsand50.0months,approximatingcloselyto47.6monthswhichisthesignificantperiodofSSTintheEasternEquatorialPacificOcean.Fromtheresultsofspace-spectralanalysis,thelow-frequencyfluctationsofmonthlyMSLinthetropicalPacificOceanappeartohaveaanticlockwisecircularly-propagatingpattern,whichis,theEasternPacificOcean(off-shoreofMexico)→theareaofNEC(NorthEquatorialCurrent)→theWesternEquatorialPacificOcean→theareaofNECC(NorthEquatorialCounter-Current)→theEasternEquatorialPacificOcean.ThephasesofthepatterncorrespondtothoseofElNinocycle.Onthebasis