简介:MarxandEnglesbelievedthatmanandnaturedevelopharmoniously,whentheactivitiesofmanconstitutethecontentofnature,whichischangedconstantlybecauseoftheactivitiesofman.MarxandEnglesalsopointedouttheduarityoftheconquest,changeandinfluenceexertedonnaturebyman.Ononehand,itcanimprovepeople'srivingconditionsandmakepeoplefreefromtheenslavementofthenature.Ontheotherhand,itmayalsoleadtoexcessivelysnatchingandwreckingnature,thenmakethedeteriorationoftheenvironmentandecologyoutofbalance.Theyalso,fromthetechnicalangleofecology,putforwardtheconcretemeasurestorealizetheharmonioussymbiosisofmanandnatureinthedevelopmentofeconomy.Theyalsobelievedthatonlywhensocialismorcommunismisrealized,cantheconciliationofmankindandnatureberealizedfinally.MarxandEngle'stheoryofharmonioussymbiosisofmanandnatureisofgreattheoreticaldirectivesignificanceforustoinsistonthescientificdevelopmentview.
简介:Embodiedcarbonintradehasattractedtheattentionofresearchers,developers,andindustryleadersworldwide,asithasbecomeaconsiderablesourceoftradeconflict.BecauseChinaistheworld’sleadingcarbon-emittingcountry,itisimportanttostudythechangetrendsofembodiedCO2inChinesetradetoidentifykeyinfluencingfactors.ThispaperinvestigatesthetradeembodiedCO2inChina,withspecialfocusontheproductionprocessandmaterialsofeachindustrialsectorfrom1990to2013.Thisstudywasconductedbyusinganinput-outputmodel,whichanalyzesthespecificcausesofperiodicwaves.Ourfindingssuggestthatthemachinemanufacturingsectorproducedthelargestshareofemissions,whereasthemetalandnon-metalsectorhasthehighestemissionintensity.Moreover,thetotalemissionquantitiesintradeincreasedfrom612to3331milliontonsin1990to2013,aperiodcharacterizedbydecentralizedtrendsinemissionsexportedtotradepartners.Wealsoemployedthelog-meanDivisiaindex(LMDI)modeltodecomposethecarbonemissionschangesintoexportstructure,exportscale,energystructure,andenergyintensity,andestimatetheinfluenceofthesefactorsatanumberoftimepoints.Wefoundthatenergyintensitycurbsemissionsincrease,andthatexportscaleexpansionisthestrongestdrivingforce.
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简介:Withtheexploitationofnon-renewablenaturalresourcesinthetraditionalresource-basedenterprises,theresources-waste,environmentalpollutionandecologicaldestructionarebecomingmoreandmoreserious.Underthebackgroundofecologicalcivilizationconstruction,thegreentransformationofresource-basedenterprisesinthewesternregionisextremelyurgent.Throughthereviewofrelatedliteratures,basedonsustainabledevelopmenttheoryanddynamiccapabilitytheory,thepaperstudythebasiccharacteristicsanddifficultiesofwesternresource-basedenterprises,andanalyzetheecologicalnetworkandbasicpathofenterprise.Combinedwiththeactualcase,thisstudyanalyzesthemotivation,conditions,restrictivefactorsandtransitionpathofresource-basedenterprisesgreentransformationinthewesternregionsandthenputsforwardcountermeasuresandsuggestionsfortherealizationofresource-basedenterprisesgreentransformation.
简介:TheCrestedIbis(NipponiaNippon)isendemictoQinlingMountainsofChinaandwasonceabundantovervastareasofnorth-eastofAsiahabitat.Duringthe20thcentury,however,thepopulationdeclinedgreatlyinnumbers.Habitatqualityusedtobethemainthreattothisspeciesbutrecentactionsbythegovernmentandwildlifeprotectionorganizationshavebroughtthisundercontrol.WiththeestablishmentofCrestedIbisNatureReserveinChina,conflictsbetweensocio-economicdevelopmentandCrestedIbisconservationhavebecomemoreacute.HowdowedealwiththerelationbetweenCrestedIbisconservationandcommunitydevelopment?Inthisstudy,theCrestedIbisNatureReserveco-managementmodelnamely'companies+farmers+NatureReserve'modelisproposedandevaluatedwithdemonstrationinvestigationmethods,includingcontinuoussix-yearfixed-sitesocio-economicdevelopmentdataofsurroundingcommunity,companysalesrevenuedataandmonitoreddataofCrestedIbisNatureReserve.Theresultsshowthatfarmers'incomeandconservationawarenessincreasedgreatlyfrom2003to2008;companysalesrevenuehasincreasedbyabout20%annuallyintherecentyears;managementlevelhasnoticeablyimprovedinNatureReserve,thescopeofCrestedIbishabitathasexpanded50hm2;chemicalcompositionofhabitatreducedyearafteryear;andthenumberofCrestedIbishadbeengrowingannually.Attheend,thesuccessofthemodelisevaluated,andproblemsinimplementationofthemodelarediscussedfromthefollowingaspects:managementsystem,co-managementconcept,economicbaseofpartners,marketingmechanism,technicalcapacityandsoon.