简介：Specklefilteringofsyntheticapertureradar(SAR)imageswhilepreservingthespatialsignalvariability(textureandfinestructures)stillremainsachallenge.ManyalgorithmshavebeenproposedfortheSARimagerydespeckling.However,simulatedannealing(SA)methodisoneofexcellentchoicescurrently.AcriticalprobleminthestudyonSAistoprovideappropriatecoolingschedulesthatensurefastconvergencetonear-optimalsolutions.Thispapergivesanewnecessaryandsufficientconditionforthecoolingschedulesothatthealgorithmstateconvergesinallprobabilitytothesetofgloballyminimumcoststates.Moreover,itconstructsanappropriateobjectivefunctionforSARimagedespeckling.AnexperimentalresultoftheactualSARimageprocessingisobtained.

简介：ThereisdifficultyfordistinguishingofriverandshadowinSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)images.AmethodofriversegmentationinSARimagesbasedonwaveletenergyandgradientisproposedinthispaper.Itmainlyincludestwoalgorithms:coarsesegmentationandrefinedsegmen-tation.Firstly,Theriverregionsarecoarselysegmentedbythewaveletenergyfeature,andthenrefinedsegmentedaccuratelybythegradientthresholdwhichisgotadaptively.Theexperimentalresultsshowthevalidityofthemethod,whichprovidesagoodfoundationfortargetsdetectionabovetheriver.

简介：ThemathematicalmodelofspaceborneSARsystemsanditscomputersimulationsaredescribed.Resultsofcomputersimulationsaboutrangemigration,rangemigrationcorrection,azimuthweightingandsignalgeneration/processingaregiven.ThissoftwarecanbeusedtosimulatethedynamicprocessesinspaceborneSARsystems,todevelopnewsignalprocessingtechniquesandtoevaluatetheperformanceofthedesignedsystem.

简介：瞬态极化雷达采用＂同时发射、同时接收＂的测量体制,可以利用正交极化通道的单次回波信号测量目标极化散射矩阵。首先给出了窄带瞬态极化雷达信号模型和信号处理方法;然后详细分析了两类瞬态极化雷达信号波形（频移脉冲矢量波形和正负调频斜率LFM矢量波形）的测量性能;最后用国防科技大学研制的X波段瞬态极化雷达系统开展外场实验,实验结果表明：与分时极化测量结果相比,两者的相对幅度测量结果差异小于2dB,相对相位测量结果差异小于10,°从而验证了瞬时极化测量的有效性。

简介：ThispaperstudiesSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)imagescontaminatedbythecoherentspecklenoisewiththemultiresolutionanalysisofwavelettransform.ThisstudyshowsthattheinfluencesofthespeckleondifferentfrequencycomponentsoftheSARimagearedifferent,andthattheSARimageandthespecklehavedifferentmannersofsingularity.So,thispaperpresentsadenoisingmethodofwaveletanalysistoreducethespeckle.Someexperimentsapprovethatthismethodnotonlysuppressesthespeckleeffectively,butalsopreservesasmuchtargetcharacteristicsoftheoriginalimageaspossible.ItshowsthatthisdenoisingmethodofwaveletanalysisoffersaveryattractivealternativetosuppressthecoherentspecklenoiseoftheSARimage.

简介：Whentheclassicalconstantfalse-alarmrate(CFAR)combinedwithfuzzyC-means(FCM)algorithmisappliedtotargetdetectioninsyntheticapertureradar(SAR)imageswithcomplexbackground,CFARrequiresblock-by-blockestimationofcluttermodelsandFCMclusteringconvergestolocaloptimum.Toaddresstheseproblems,thispaperpro-posesanewdetectionalgorithm:knowledge-basedcombinedwithimprovedgeneticalgorithm-fuzzyC-means(GA-FCM)algorithm.Firstly,thealgorithmtakestargetregion’smaximumandaverageintensity,area,lengthoflongaxisandlong-to-shortaxisratiooftheexternalellipseasfactorswhichinfluencethetargetappearingprobability.Theknowledge-baseddetectionalgorithmcanproducepreprocessresultswithouttheneedofestimationofcluttermodelsasCFARdoes.AfterwardtheGA-FCMalgorithmisimprovedtoclusterpre-processresults.IthasadvantagesofincorporatingglobaloptimizingabilityofGAandlocaloptimizingabilityofFCM,whichwillfurthereliminatefalsealarmsandgetbetterresults.TheeffectivenessoftheproposedtechniqueisexperimentallyvalidatedwithrealSARimages.

简介：ThisletterstudiesonthedetectionoftexturefeaturesinSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)images.ThroughanalyzingthefeaturedetectionmethodproposedbyLopes,animprovedtexturedetectionmethodisproposed,whichcannotonlydetecttheedgeandlinesbutalsoavoidstretchingedgeandsuppressinglinesoftheformeralgorithm.ExperimentalresultswithbothsimulatedandrealSARimagesverifytheadvantageandpracticabilityoftheimprovedmethod.

简介：MultistageVectorQuantization(MSVQ)canachieveverylowencodingandstoragecomplexityincomparisontounstructuredvectorquantization.However,theconventionalMSVQissuboptimalwithrespecttotheoverallperformancemeasure.Thispaperproposesanewtechnologytodesignthedecodercodebook,whichisdifferentfromtheencodercodebooktooptimisetheoverallperformance.Theperformanceimprovementisachievedwithnoeffectonencodingcomplexity,bothstorageandtimeconsuming,butamodestincreaseinstoragecomplexityofdecoder.

简介：OptimizationofantennaarraypatternusedinaspaceborneSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)systemisconsideredinthisstudy.Arobustevolutionaryalgorithm,Non-dominatedSortingGeneticAlgorithms(theimprovedNSGA-Ⅱ),isappliedonaspaceborneSARantennapatterndesign.Thesystemconsistsoftwoobjectivefunctionswithtwoconstraints.Paretofrontsaregeneratedasaresultofmulti-objectiveoptimization.AfterbeingvalidatedbyatestproblemZDT4,thealgorithmsareusedtosynthesizespaceborneSARantennaradiationpattern.ThegoodresultswithlowAmbi-guity-to-SignalRatio(ASR)andhighdirectivityareobtainedinthepaper.

简介：SyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)imagingofoceansurfacefeaturesisstudied.ThesimulationoftheturbulentandvorticalfeaturesgeneratedbyamovingshipandSARimagingofthesewakesiscarriedout.Theturbulentwakedampingtheoceansurfacecapillarywavesmaybepartiallyresponsibleforthesuppressionofsurfacewavesneartheshiptrack.Thevortexpairgeneratingachangeinthelateralflowfieldbehindtheshipmaybepartiallyresponsibleforanenhancementofthewavesneartheedgesofthesmootharea.Thesehydrodynamicphenomenaaswellasthechangesofradarbackscattergeneratedbyturbulenceandvortexaresimulated.AnSARimagingmodelisthenusedonsuchoceansurfacefeaturestoprovideSARimages.Comparisonoftwoships'simulatedSARimagesshowsthatthewakefeaturesaredifferentforvariousshipparameters.

简介：Wavelet-fractalbasedSAR(syntheticapertureradar)imageprocessingisoneoftheadvancedtechnologiesinimageprocessing.Themainconceptofanalysisisthatafterwavelettransformation,multifractalspectrumofthesignalisdifferentfromthatofnoise.ThisdifferenceisusedtoalleviatethenoiseproducedbySARimage.ThemethodtodenoiseSARimageusingtheprocessbasedonwavelet-fractalanalysisisdiscussedindetail.Essentially,thepresentmethodfocusesonadjustingtheHlderexponentαofmultifractalspectrum.Aftersimulation,αshouldbeadjustedto1.72-1.73.Themorethevalueofαexceeds1.73,thelessdistinctivetheedgesofSARimagebecome.Accordingtotheauthorsdenoisingisoptimalatα=1.72-1.73.Inotherwords,whenα=1.72-1.73,asmoothanddenoisedSARimageisproduced.

简介：Withamultiplicativespecklemodel,thispapershowsthemulti-lookpolarimetricsyntheticapertureradar(SAR)dataobeysageneralizedK-distribution.Tovalidatethisdistributionmodel,themulti-lookintensityK-distributionisparticularlytested.Therelationshipbetweentheheterogeneitycoefficientofthesceneandtheproperstatisticalmodelisexperimentallyestablished.Inaddition,basedontheresultsofthestatisticalanalysis,anadaptiveclassificationschemeispresented,andtheimprovedclassificationshowstheimportanceofthestatisticalanalysis.

简介：分析了一种合成孔径雷达有源干扰的新技术——随机脉冲卷积干扰。该干扰技术可以获得雷达距离压缩处理的部分增益，干扰效果明显优于等信噪比情况下的射频噪声压制干扰；它降低了干扰机实现压制干扰的输出功率，大大提高了干扰效率；通过控制随机脉冲的延迟时间和延迟范围，可以控制干扰带的位置和宽度，实现对己方重要分布目标的保护；仿真分析结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。

简介：线性调频连续波合成孔径雷达（LFMCWSAR）是一种新近提出来的成像雷达体制，它结合调频连续波与合成孔径成像技术，具有体积小、重量轻、成本低、分辨率高等一系列优点。然而，由于受系统的影响，调频信号的频率和时间并不完全满足线性关系。在详细分析了LFMCW的调频非线性对距离分辨率及FMCWSAR成像质量的影响之后，提出使用分段线性拟合的方法估计调频信号的非线性，并提出了非线性的校正方法，研究了存在非线性时的FMCWSAR成像算法，并给出了仿真结果，验证了该方法的有效性。

简介：极化信息在通信、导航、雷达等领域的应用越来越广泛，研究电磁波极化状态是研究、利用极化信息的前提和基础。椭圆极化是电磁波最基本的极化形式，线极化和圆极化是其特殊形式。从最普适的椭圆极化形式入手，导出了两种退化的极化形式：线极化和圆极化；阐明了三种极化波的解、合关系；推导了极化椭圆的参数与电磁波参数的关系；证明了极化方向与电磁波在水平垂直极化基下两分量相对相位的关系以及静态空间极化。

简介：Todealwiththenon-Gaussiannoiseinstandard2-DSARimages,thederampedsignalinimagingplane,andthepossiblesymmetricdistributionofcomplexnoise,thefourth-ordercumulantofcomplexprocessisintroducedintoSARtomography.WiththeestimatedARparametersofARMAmodelofnoisethroughYule-Walkerequation,thesignalseriesofheightispre-filtered.Then,throughESPRIT,thespectrumisobtainedandtheapertureinheightdirectionissynthesized.Finally,theSARtomographyimagingofsceneisachieved.Theresultsofprocessingonsignalwithnon-Gaussiannoisedemonstratetherobustnessoftheproposedmethod.Thetomographyimagingofthescenesshowsthatthehigher-orderspectrumanalysisisfeasibleintheapplication.

简介：Bistaticforward-lookingsyntheticapertureradar(SAR)hasmanyadvantagesandapplicationsowingtoitstwodimensionalimagingcapability.Therecouldbevariousimagingconfigurationsbecauseofthegeometricflexibilityofbistaticplatforms,resultinginkindsofmodelsbuiltindependentlyamongwhichtherecouldbesomesimilareventhesamemotionfeatures.Comprehensiveresearchonsuchsystemsinamorecomprehensiveandgeneralpointofviewisrequiredtoaddresstheirdifferenceandconsistency.PropertyanalysisofbistaticforwardlookingSARwitharbitrarygeometryisachievedincludingstripmapandspotlightmodesonairborneplatform,missile-borneplatform,andhybridplatformofboth.Emphasisisplacedonazimuthspacevarianceofsomekeyparameterssignificantlyaffectingthesubsequentimagingprocessing,basedonwhichthefrequencyspectraarefurtherdescribedandcomparedconsideringrespectivefeaturesofdifferentplatformsforfrequencyimagingalgorithmdeveloping.Simulationresultsconfirmtheeffectivenessandcorrectnessofouranalysis.

简介：ThepaperpresentsanalgorithmofautomatictargetdetectioninSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)imagesbasedonMaximumAPosteriori(MAP).Thealgorithmisdividedintothreesteps.First,itemploysGaussianmixturedistributiontoapproximateandestimatemulti-modalhistogramofSARimage.Then,basedontheprincipleofMAP,whenaprioriprobabilityisbothunknownandlearnedrespectively,thesamplepixelsareclassifiedintodifferentclassesc={target,shadow,background}.Last,itcomparestheresultsoftwodifferenttargetdetections.Simulationresultspreferablyindicatethatthepresentedalgorithmisfastandrobust,withthelearnedaprioriprobability,anapproachtotargetdetectionisreliableandpromising.

简介：Thecoherenceisameasurefortheaccuracyoftheinterferometricphase,andthesyntheticapertureradar(SAR)interferometriccoherenceisaffectedbyseveralsourcesofthedecorrelationnoise.ForthecircularSAR(CSAR)imaginggeometry,thesystemresponsefunctionisintheformoftheBesselfunctionwhichbringsahighsidelobe,andthehighsidelobeofCSARwillbeanimportantfactorinfluencingtheinterferometriccoherence.Theeffectofthehighsidelobeonthecoherenceisanalyzedanddeduced.BasedontheinterferometriccharacteristicsoftheslightdifferenceintheviewinganglesandthepotentialpixeloffsetintheinterferometricSAR(InSAR)images,arelationbetweentheradarimpulseresponseandthecoherencelossfunctionisderived.Fromtherelationalmodel,thecoherencelossfunctionduetothehighsidelobeofCSARisthendeduced,andcomparedwiththatoftheconventionalSAR.ItisshownthatthehighsidelobeofCSARfocusingsignalwillseverelyaffectthebaselinedecorrelationandcoregistrationdecorrelation.SimulationresultsconfirmthetheoreticalanalysisandquantitativelyshowthebaselineandcoregistrationdecorrelationdegradationduetothehighsidelobesofCSAR.

简介：Range-Doppler(RD)methodandReverse-Range-Doppler(RRD)methodarecombinedtogethertoachieveautomaticgeocodingofSyntheticApertureRadar(SAR)imagequicklyandaccuratelyinthepaper.TheRDmethodisfirstlyusedtolocatethefourcornersoftheimage,thentheotherpixelsoftheimagecanbelocatedbyReverse-Range-Doppler(RRD)method.Resamplingisperformedatlast.Theapproachhasanadvantageoverprevioustechniquesinthatitdoesnotrequiregroundcontrolpointsandisindependentofspacecraftattitudeknowledgeorcontrol.ItcancompensatetheshiftduetotheassumedDopplerfrequencyinSARimagepreprocessing.RRDsimplifiestheprocessofRD,thereforespeedsupthecomputation.TheexperimentalresultsshowthataSARimagecanbeautomatedgeocodedin30susingthesingleCPU(3GHz)with1Gmemoryandanaccuracyof10misattainablewiththismethod.