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简介：Gummosisisthemostseriousdiseaseofmangoallaroundtheworld,whichisbecomingepidemicindifferentregionsofthesecountries,caninfectalmostallthecommercialandindigenousvarietiesofmango,andhasbeenregardedasanewseriousthreatofmangotreesatanalarmingratio.Thisarticlereviewedcausalorganisms,currentstatus,futureprospects,andmanagementpracticesofmangogummosisdisease.

简介：研究在Kaptai水库被进行，之一最大人造东南亚洲的淡水湖，使用为钓鱼和其它决定水质量和它的适用性的现在的地位。水采样从在在五个不同地点从的0.2和0.8部分深度的水库的中间的部分对下游的viz在上游。Burburichara，Maichchari，Subolong，Basanthakum，和Rangamati。水分析证明NO3-N，K+和全部的P的集中，和根本，采样驻扎的推迟的固体在为鱼文化的推荐价值以外。Na+的集中，Ca2+，Mg2+，SO42?，Cl?，全部的溶解固体(TDS)，溶解的氧()并且化学的氧需求(货到付款)在为水产业的标准以内。NO3-N的集中，SO42?，K+和全部的P没与深度显示出明确的趋势，地点象一样多雨并且旱季。浇pH，传导性，Na+和HCO3吗？内容在雨季是更低的，并且做并且在在两个的几乎所有地点更高的货到付款深度，与旱季相比。TDS的全部的固体和集中，，货到付款，Ca2+，Mg2+和Na+是更高的在在上游、减少逐渐地向在水库下游。集中并且Ca2+和pH更高并且在0.2-fractional深度的Mg2+更少比那些在在几乎所有地点的0.8-fractional深度。水库处于包含NO3-N和全部的P的高集中的mesotrophic状况，在有从在镇附近的城市的污染的过多的推迟的固体的存在的惊人地位。为由于如此的恶化在水库保护水质量采用措施是必要的。

简介：Oncomelania(Oncomelaniahupensis),adioecian,ovoviviparous,andamphibioussnail,isthesoleintermediatehostofSchistosomajaponicum,themostwide-spreadsnailfeverintheworld.Chemicaleliminatingthehostprovedunacceptablefortherewasseverecontaminationtowaterandsoil.TheriverbeachesandthedeltaareasoffiveprovincesinthemiddleandlowerreachesofYangtzeRiverinChinaprovidethemostfavorablehabitatsforOncomelania.Ourstudieshaverevealedthattheoccurrenceof...

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简介：Successionrulesofsoilacidityqualityoflarchplantationsinfirstrotationatdifferentdevelopmentstages,successionrulesofsoilacidityqualityofyoungstandoflarchplantationsinsecondrotationandtherelationshipbetweensoilacidityandvariousformsoforganicphosphorusandinorganicphosphoruswerestudiedinmountainousareaofeasternpartofNortheasternChina.Theresultsshowedthatactiveacidity(pHvalue)inrhizospheresoildecreasedcontinuallywithstandageincreasingfromyoungstand,half-maturestand,nearmaturestandtomaturestand,butactiveacidity(pHvalue)innon-rhizospheresoil,exchangeacidity,exchangeablealuminium,totalhydrolyticacidity,andtheratioofexchangeacidityandtotalhydrolyticacidityinrhizospheresoilandinnon-rhizospheresoilincreasedapparently;totalorganicP,moderatelyresistantorganicP,andhighlyresistantorganicPinsoildecreasedatallagestagesinlarchplantationswhensoilacidityadded.Forrhizospheresoilofallstandsoflarchplantationsatdifferentdevelopmentstages,therewaspositivecorrelationbetweenCa-P(exceptinyoungstand),Al-P(exceptinhalf-maturestand),Fe-P(exceptinnearmaturestandandmaturestand),O-P(exceptinyoungstand),andsoilactiveacidity,respectively;Forrhizospheresoil,therewasnegativecorrelationbetweenCa-P(exceptinhalf-maturestand),Al-P(exceptinyoungstand),O-P,andexchangeacidity,exchangeablealuminium,therewasalsonegativecorrelationbetweenCa-P,Al-P(exceptinyoungstandandhalf-maturestand),Fe-P,O-P,andtotalhydrolyticacidityrespectively.Forrhizospheresoil,thecorrelationcoefficientbetweenCa-P,O-Pandtotalhydrolyticaciditydecreased,respectively,asstandagesupandthatbetweenFe-Pandexchangeacidity,exchangeablealuminiumincreased,respectively,asstandagesgrew.Fornon-rhizospheresoil,therewasnotsignificantcorrelationbetweensoilacidityandvariousformsofinorganicphosphorusandorganicphosphorus,respective

简介：Inordertobetterunderstandthereasonswhyeucalyptveneercheckseasilyandseverely,woodsamplesofthreeeucalyptspecieswereselected,andtheiranatomicalandphysicalpropertieswereexaminedaccordingtoconventionalmethodsandthenationalstandards.Theeffectsofvariancesincellwallthicknessofwoodfibreandvessel,anddiameterofthecelllumenaswellasthetissueratioonthequalityofplywoodveneerwereanalysed.Theresultsshowthat:1)ThereisagreatdifferenceinfibrecellwallthicknessanddiameterofthecelllumenbetweenearlywoodandlatewoodofEucalyptusdelegatensis.2)E.obliquahasahighwoodfibretissueratioandthethickestfibrecellwall,butthedifferenceinthefibrecellwallthicknessbetweenearlywoodandlatewoodisthesmallest.3)ThewoodfibretissueratioofE.regnansissmallerthanthatofE.obliqua,anditswoodfibrecellwallisthethinnestandthereisonlyaverysmalldifferenceinfibrecellwallthicknessbetweenearlywoodandlatewood.Thedifferenceinthediameterofwoodfibrecelllumenamongearlywood,transitionareaandlatewoodisalsosmall.4)E.delegatensishasthehighesttangentialshrinkagerateandradial-tangentialshrinkagerate,andE.obliquahasthelowest.Itisthevariabilityofwoodanatomicalpropertiesofthesespeciesthatcausethedifferenceintheveneershrinkage,andthenaffectsplywoodveneerquality.

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简介：对木头开发和形成的分子的生物研究是相关基因的发现的最近的年，而是步里的焦点，他们在木头性质的控制的函数是慢的。它在另外的工具上的高产量能力，敏感，和可靠性的优点为调查能够的基因表示patternsis开发了的microarraytechniquewith很快assaying几千基因。在这研究，从开发白杨木部纸巾的二个cDNA图书馆准备的cDNAmicroarray从Populusdeltoides的主要的茎在不同高度在不成熟的木部纸巾习惯于试金基因表示模式(15?岁)，它被证实有不同木头性质(microfibrillar角度，木质的密度)旁边X光检查。有在薄片之间的微分表示侧面的274个抄本外面被屏蔽，并且单个克隆受到5定序。用生物信息的分析，我们识别了可以影响白杨木头性质的候选人基因，许多哪个属于各种各样规章并且信号transduction基因家庭例如锌手指蛋白质抄写因素，DNA有约束力的抄写因素，乙烯反应因素等等。结果建议这些基因可以调整涉及木头形成的酶。进一步的工作将被执行克隆这些基因并且决定他们怎么影响白杨木头性质。

简介：Weconductedastudytofindoutifarbuscularmycorrhizal(AM)fungi(Acaulosporascrobiculata,Scutellosporacalospora)andphosphatesolubilizingbacteria(PSB,Paenibacilluspolymyxa)inoculationeitherindividuallyorincombinationscanimproveAcaciaauriculiformisseedlinggrowth,uptakeofnutrientsandqualityinaphosphorusdeficienttropicalAlfisol.Theseedlingswereassessedforvariousgrowthandnutrientuptakeparametersafter60daysoftreatment.InoculationwithP.polymyxastimulatedmycorrhizalformation.Seedlingheight,stemgirth,taprootlength,numberofleavesandleafarea,plantdrymatterproduction,nodulation,andnodulardryweightweresignificantlyhigherforseedlingsthatwereeitherdualinoculatedortripleinoculatedcomparedtoindividualinoculationofAMfungiorPSB,anduninoculatedseedlings.DualandtripleapplicationofAMfungiandPSBalsosignificantlyimprovedthenutrientcontentsofshootsandrootsandnutrientuptakeefficiencies.ThecalculatedseedlingqualityindexesoftheAMfungiandPSBinoculatedseedlingwere25–208%higherthanuninoculatedseedlings.ThesefindingsshowthatA.auriculiformisseedlingswhendualinoculatedortripleinoculatedperformedbetterthanseedlingsinoculatedwiththemicrobesindividuallyandcomparedwithuninoculatedcontrolseedlings.Weconcludethatbioinoculationisimportantfortheproductionofhigh-qualityA.auriculiformisseedlingsintreenurseriesforplantinginnutrientdeficientsoils.

简介：TwoclonaltrialstandsofChineseFir（Cunninghamialanceolata）wereusedinthisstudy,onewas19-year-oldstandwhichincluded38clones,andtheotherwas17-year-oldstandincluding102clones.Thestatisticalanalysesshowedthattherewereverysignificantgeneticvariationsinheight,DBH,volumeandratioofheartwood(Rhw),woodbasicdensity（ρb）oftheclonesinthetwostands.Therepeatabilityofcloneswasinmediantohighlevel,andthegeneticCVwasdifferentovertheallfivetraits.Therewereverysignificantphenotypicandgeneticcorrelationsamongheight,DBHandvolume,andnegativecorrelationsamonggrowth,Rhwandρb.Theselectionmethodexperimentindicatedthatindexselectioncouldimprovevolume,Rhwandρb,showingsyntheticallysuperiorselectioneffectscomparedtoanyindividualtraitselectionmethods.

简介：LanddegradationisoneofthesignificantenvironmentalproblemsinbothChinaandCanada,whichseriouslythreatensthesustainabledevelopmentofnationaleconomyandsocietyofbothcountries.Thispaperintroducedsomepolicies,regulationsanddepartmentcoordinationmechanismsoflandresourcemanagement,restoration/rehabilitationofdegradedland,forestresourcesmanagement,agriculturalenvironmentalprotectionandmineralarealandreclamationinCanada.Somepractices,experiencesandeffectsinlanddegradationcontrolofCanadawerelistedandanalyzed.Finally,itwassuggestedthatthesuccessfulexperiencesofCanadaintechnology,policyandmanagementforlanddegradationcontrolshouldbelearnedforimprovingefficiencyoflanddegradationinChina’swesternregion.

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简介：Climatechangeisthelargeststressfactorchallengingglobalterritorialecosystem.Thediscussiononlanddegradationcontrolinaridecosystemunderthecontextofclimatechangeforincreasingthecapacitytomitigateandadapttotheclimatechangeandgraduallyrestoringtheintegratedproductionpotentialoriginallypossessedbylandecosystemisapressingissuetoaddress.Thepaperanalyzedtheeffectofclimatechangeonlanddegradationinaridecosystem,anddescribedtheprotectionandrehabilitationofforest,grasslandandfarmlandecosystems,andtheenhancementoftheresponsetoclimatechangeandtheimprovementofpeople’slivelihoodfromtheviewpointofintegratedecosystemmanagement.Thisstudyisexpectedtoofferanewconceptforlanddegradationcontrolandsustainablemanagementofaridecosysteminthecontextofglobalclimatechange.

简介：Thepaperreviewedthebackgroundofpublic-privatepartnership(PPP)development,describedPPPconcept,characteristicsandbasicmodels,andanalyzedthenecessityandfeasibilitytodeveloplanddegradationcontrolPPP.ThentheexperiencesthatElionResourcesGroupinInnerMongoliahasaccumulatedinKubuqiDesertcontrolanddevelopmentaswellastherevelationsweresummarizedwiththehopetoprovidereferenceforestablishinglanddegradationcontrolPPPinaridareaofwesternregion.

简介：Thechangeofpinescale(HemiberlesiapitysophilaTakagi)populationdensityonpineforestinurbanparkbetweentreatment(tendingoperations)andCK(notendingoperations)wasresearchedinthispaper.Theresultswereshownasfollows:populationdensitydeclinedto0.63headperbundlefrom2.61headsperbundlewhencrowndensityofpineinurbanparkhadbecome0.5orsobymeansofcultivationactivitiessuchasfelling,pruningandthinningandsoon,anddropgotto75.86percent.Thepinewoodswouldsoongetrevivedonceusingthesecultivationactivities,sotendingoperationswasmainmeasurescontrollingoverharmofpinescaleinurbanpark;Atthesametime,populationdensityofpinescaleonpinewoodsinthesunnyslopewasmorethanthatinthesomberslopeandithadbecomelessandlessfromsunnyslopetosomberslope.Therefore,treespeciesmustbechosenintheplanninganddesignofurbanparkforpreventingharmandhappeningofpinescale.

简介：Usingthevirusestosustainablecontrolforestpestinsectswerereviewedinthispaper.Andthestatusofforestpestinsectsandbio-controltechniqueinChinawereintroduced.Thecriterionofstableecologicalsystemandthemethodsofrestorationandconstructionwerealsoanalyzed.Meanwhile,theexperimentinwhich4speciesofinsectviruseswereusedandsuccessfullycontroltheforestpestinsectspersistentlyindicatethattheinsectvirusesplayanimportantroleinrestoringandconstructingstableforestecologysystem.

简介：Populus在西北的印度在整个它的分布范围受不了多重昆虫损坏。工具基于假设被做昆虫产地的那操作的各种各样的管理的评估能提供有形的结果。文化惯例的操作，在12月期间地耕作，并且庄稼(小麦，Trifoliumalexandrinum和其它)成长导致更低的成年出现，减少的叶群袭，每白杨叶除叶剂(PLD)的米分支长度幼虫和蛹数。休闲种植园是容易的更多比杂种的种植园PLD攻击。Closterarestitura的更高的发生由于这个地点，灌溉水的差的质量和干燥天气条件的不适当在西南的干燥地区被记录。Populus树的完全的脱衣不发生在低温度与高湿度，旁遮普的submountaneous地区。化学控制研究在实验室与领域条件被进行，并且在五杀虫药剂之中测试了Profenophos50EC，Quinalphos25EC和酉维因50WP@0.05和0.1%集中在喷洒以后把PLD幼虫的一致地高的死亡给了21天。在山峰活动时期以前与在晚上小时期间的杀虫药剂的使用提高管理选择的效率。

简介：Anewendophyticantagonisticfungus,ChaetomiumspiraleND35fromPopulustomentosa,wasreported.Thebio-controltrialsofC.spiraleND35againsttheValsaCankerofapplewerepreliminarilyinvestigated.TheresultsofdualcultureonPDAplateshowedthatC.spiraleND35wascapableofstrongantagonismagainstValsaceratosperma,andforinhibitingthemycelialgrowthofV.ceratosperma,.thecrudeextractofliquidcultureofcornsteeppowderbrothwasmoreeffectivethanthatoneofmaltextractbroth(MEB).Theresultsofbio-controlingreenhouseandfieldindicatedthatthediseaseincidenceofappletreetreatedwithC.spiraleND35waslowersignificantlythanthattreatedbyothermethods.There-isolationexperimentsuggestedthatC.spiraleND35couldcolonizeinstemsandbranchesofappletreessuccessfully,andtheND35colonizationrateofthetreatmentwithsolidwheatbranculturewashigherthanthatofcornsteeppowderbroth,butthefieldexperimentresultthecontroleffectofliquidcultureofC.spiraleND35wasbetterthanthatofsolidculture.