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简介：AbstractThepurposeofthearticleistoformulate,underthel_∞riskmeasure,amodelofportfolioselectionwithtransactioncostsandtheninvestigatetheoptimalstrategywithintheproposed.Thecharacterizationofaoptimalstrategyandtheefficientalgorithmforfindingtheoptimalstrategyaregiven.

简介：PurchasetransactionsatgenerationsideIn2011,thepurchasetransactionsofelectricitycarriedoutbytheStateGridCorporationofChina(SGCC)amountedto3047TWhatgenerationside(powerplantsunderunifieddispatch),up12.6％onayear-on-yearbasis.Ofallthepurchasetransactions,2612TWhwerethermalpower,349.4TWhhydropower,41.2TWhwindpower,and44.4TWhwereotherpowersources.Thepurchasetransactionsofelectricityatthegenerationsideintenprovincial-levelgridstotaledmorethan100TWh.TheseincludetheNorthHebei,Hebei,Shanxi,Shandong,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Fujian,Henan,Sichuan,andLiaoninggrids.ThepurchasetransactionsintheJiangsugridreached338.7TWh,rankingfirstamongallprovinces.NingxiaandXinjiangsawratherlargegrowthinthepurchasetransactionofelectricityatthegenerationside.ThegrowthrateinNingxiawas75％.Table1showsthepurchasetransactionsofelectricityatthegenerationsidein2011.

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简介：新制度经济学中的核心概念Transaction-cost应该译为“交易成本”还是“交易费用”没有达到广泛的一致，国内学者对这两个概念大多不加区分，造成很大的混乱。在推敲汉语含义和总结前人研究的基础上，从交易的特性出发，通过分析机会主义行为、资产专用性和沉没成本之间的联系，认为“Transaction-cost”应当译为“交易费用”。

简介：Goodsunderdutyreductionorexemptionisatariffpreferencemeasurethatthestategivestothequalifiedenterprisesandunits.Whenenjoyingtherightofdutyreductionorexemption,enterprisesandunitsshallvaluethisrightandassumetheresponsibilitytoapplyfor,touse,totakecareofand

简介：BilateralTransactionbetweenlargeusersandpowergenerationenterprisesisnotasimplereform.Itisanimportantstageinpowermarketrestructuringandwillgranttheelectricityuserstherightofserviceselection.Theimplementationofbilateraltransactionswillhelptoestablishthemultiplebuyers’marketstructure,reasonablepricemechanismandmarkettradingmechanism.Itisalsoanimportantapproachtoenhancethecompetitioninthemarketandimprovetheefficiencyofenergyresourceallocation.

简介：Atomicityisnecessaryforreliableandsecureelectroniccommercetransactionandtoguaranteetheparticipants'interests.Anatomicandefficiente-cash(electroniccash)transactionprotocolbasedontheclassicale-cashschemeispresented.Thedeliveryofdigitalgoodsisincorporatedintotheprocessofpaymentintheprotocol.Apartfromensuringallthreelevelsofatomicity,thenovelprotocolfeatureshighefficiencyandpracticabilitywithunfavorablestrongassumptionremoved.Furthermore,theproposedprotocolprovidesnon-repudiationproofsforanyfuturedisputes.Atlast,analysisoftheatomicityandefficiencyisillustrated.

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简介：Abstract.Tosometwoperiodeconomieswithcountableinfinitestatespaces,theexistenceofexpectationequilibriumofrealasseteconomieswithtransactioncostsisgiven.ThisworkextendstheresearchesofZamein1993.

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简介：Thepurposeofthispaperistoinvestigatetheimpactofcompanies’sizeone-commercetransactionrequirements,byexaminingbothcompanies’componentsandcompanies’partnersandtheirrelationwithcompany’ssize.Thepaperisbasedontheanalysisof70Algerianimportcompaniesthroughsurveymethodology.Thefindingsindicatethatlarge-sizedcompaniesrespondstronglytoalle-commercetransactionrequirements,especiallyinthethreecompanies’components;medium-andsmall-sizedcompaniesresponsetotheserequirementsislessthanlarge-sizedcompanies.Asaconclusion,companies’sizeoftenreactstothee-commercetransactionrequirements.