简介：在英语中，表示“偏爱”、“优先”、“更喜欢”、“更可取”或“宁愿”等意思时，可用prefer，wouldrather和ratherthan来表达。三个词之间在表达和用法上的异同如下：

简介：

简介：Remenberit!Wouldrather意为“宁愿……”，后面跟动词原形。例句：

简介：

简介：rather一词在现行的中学英语新教材中经常出现。下面笔者就rather的用法作一总结：

简介：

简介：ratherthan是一个常用词组。由于它本身意义和搭配上差别较大,故常使学生学习和掌握起来感到困难。本文就ratherthan的三种用法归纳如下,供学习时参考。

简介：rather和fairly都有“非常”、“很”之意，但一旦出现，有些同学就分不清选择哪一个，致使选择错误。现从以下几个方面来加以浅析：

简介：would(orhad)rather…than是个习语。wouldorhad并非过去式。而是虚拟语气的用法。rather(副词)是古英语rather(愿意地)的比较级形式。其后接不带to的不定式。表示主语的心愿,强调经过选择愿做其中一件事。而不愿做另一件事。常译为:“宁愿……而不……”。

简介：

简介：ratherthan是连词,意思是“宁可,是……而不是……”。这种结构通常用来连接两个相同成分或平行句子成分。现将此结构用法归纳如下:一、连接两个名词。如:1.IwillstudyEnglishratherthanJapanese.我宁愿学英语,而不愿学日语。2.Weshouldspendmoneybuyingbooksratherthanfood.我们应该把钱花在买书方面,而不是花钱买食物。

简介：ratherthan意为“而不是”、“而没有”，侧重客观上的差别，还可以表示“与其……，倒不如(或宁可)……”，侧重句子主语或说话人主观上的选择。句中ratherthan前后一般应为名词、代词、动名词、形容词、谓语动词、动词不定式、介词短语，甚至分句等。下面分别举例说明。

简介：would／hadrather…than是个习语，would／had并非过去式，而是虚拟语气的用法，rather是副词，其后接不带to的不定式，表示主语的心愿，强调经过选择做其中一件事，而不愿做另一件事，常译为“宁愿……而不……”。例如：

简介：现今全国通用的一本教师用书中有这样一条注释：

简介：2004年高考英语试题第26小题是这样的：Toenjoythescenery,Irenewouldratherspendlonghoursonthetraintravelbyair.

简介：

简介：摘要二乙酰胆碱酯酶(王牌)基因在许多昆虫种类被报导了。在象Helicoverpaassulta和Plutellaxylostellas那样的害虫，ace1基因编码是organophosphorus(OP)和氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂的主要目标的占优势的synaptic酶。杀虫剂选择影响王牌基因进化，这被报导了。驯养的蚕，Bombyx粗腐殖质i，也有二王牌基因。当这没在过去的十年面对杀虫剂选择，我们在蚕学习了王牌基因表情和酶活动。二王牌基因，Bm-ace1和Bm-ace2的表情层次，被量的即时聚合酶链反应估计。Bm-ace2在不同发展阶段或纸巾的所有测试样品比Bm-ace1更高度被表示，建议ace2，而非ace1，在Bombyx粗腐殖质i是乙酰胆碱酯酶(疼痛)的主要类型。这与上述的鳞翅目ons不一致农业害虫，部分由于可以在这些害虫导致ace1基因的高表示的杀虫剂的普遍使用。除在头的高表示以外，Bm-ace1也在丝绸腺高度表示，Bm-ace2充满细菌线，暗示两王牌基因可以有在开发的潜在的non-hydrolytic角色。而且，我们发现二王牌基因和他们的比率(ace2/ace1)的mRNA层次在第一和第三中间形态把白天改变到白天。这质问作为一个酶答案用粗略的摘录估计酶的活动的常规方法，因为它是AChE1和AChE2的混合物。为分开不同疼痛的一个有效、简单的方法为可靠毒物学的分析是必要的。

简介：SophoraeFlavescentisRadix(SophoraflavescensAit.,SFR)andSophoraeTonkinensisRadixetRhizoma(S.tonkinensisGapnep.,STR)aretwocommonlyusedtraditionalChinesemedicinesfromSophora(Leguminosae)plants,whicharebelievedtopossesssimilarbioactivecomponentswithentirelydifferentclinicalapplications.InordertofindoutthecharacteristicchemicalconstituentspotentiallyleadingtotheuniquemedicinalpropertiesclaimedforeachofthetwocloselyrelatedTCMs,anHPLCfingerprintmethodwasdevelopedforanalysesofthealkaloidandflavonoidconstituentsofSFRandSTR,respectively,whichwerefurtherevaluatedandcomparedthroughsimilaritycalculationandhierarchicalclusteringanalysis(HCA).Theresultsfromthepresentstudyshowedthatthealkaloidfingerprintsofthetwoherbsweresimilar,withmanycomponentsco-existinginbothdrugsandvariousbatchesofsamplesfromdifferentspeciesbeingmixedtogetherintheHCAdendrogram.However,theirflavonoidconstituentsweretotallydifferentwithspecificfingerprintsbeingyieldedforeachherb,andfurtherHCAanalysisshowedthatthetestedsamplescouldalmostbeclearlydividedintotwogroupsbasedontheiroriginsofspecies.TheresultsfromthepresentstudyindicatedthattheflavonoidconstituentscouldserveasthedifferentiallydiagnosticconstituentsofSFRandSTRandmightpotentiallyattributedtotheirdistincttherapeuticeffects.

简介：AbstractBackground:Whether smoking is related to a decreased risk of meningioma in women is still controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between smoking and risk of meningiomas in women.Methods:Two authors independently performed a systematic literature review in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases. We identified case-control and cohort studies quantifying associations between smoking and risk of meningioma in women. A meta-analysis by pooling studies was performed according to the multivariate-adjusted risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) preferentially. We further conducted additional subgroup and sensitivity analyses to explore possible explanations of the results.Results:A total of seven observational studies were included, with a total of 2132 female patients diagnosed with meningiomas. Ever smoking was associated with a significantly reduced risk of meningioma in women, with pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.83 (95% CI 0.70-0.98). Similar findings were noted for current (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66-0.93) and past (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71-0.94) smokers. However, considering the areas, the OR of ever smoking was 0.77 (95% CI 0.68-0.87) in three American studies, but 0.99 (95% CI 0.73-1.35) in four studies conducted in other countries.Conclusions:Based on limited epidemiological evidence, a decreased risk of meningioma in women smokers was only observed in American studies rather than studies conducted in other countries.

简介：AbstractBackground:Although the use of expanded-criteria donors (ECDs) alleviates the problem of organ shortage, it significantly increases the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF). DGF is a common complication after kidney transplantation; however, the effect of DGF on graft loss is uncertain based on the published literature. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between DGF and allograft survival.Methods:We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, observation cohort study. A total of 284 deceased donors and 541 recipients between February 2012 and March 2017 were included. We used logistic regression analysis to verify the association between clinical parameters and DGF, and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to quantify the hazard ratios of DGF for kidney graft loss.Results:Among the 284 deceased donors, 65 (22.8%) donors were ECD. Of the 541 recipients, 107 (19.8%) recipients developed DGF, and this rate was higher with ECD kidneys than with standard-criteria donor (SCD) kidneys (29.2% vs. 17.1%; P = 0.003). The 5-year graft survival rate was not significantly different between SCD kidney recipients with and without DGF (95.8% vs. 95.4%; P= 0.580). However, there was a significant difference between ECD kidney recipients with and without DGF (71.4% vs. 97.6%; P = 0.001), and the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for graft loss for recipients with DGF was 1.885 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.305–7.630; P = 0.024). Results showed that induction therapy with anti-thymocyte globulin was protective against DGF (odds ratio= 0.359; 95% CI= 0.197–0.652; P= 0.001) with all donor kidneys and a protective factor for graft survival (HR = 0.308; 95% CI = 0.130–0.728; P = 0.007) with ECD kidneys.Conclusion:DGF is an independent risk factor for graft survival in recipients with ECD kidneys, but not SCD kidneys.