简介：Thefiniteelementmethodhasbeenconsideredasoneofthemostsignificantengineeringadvancesofthetwentiethcentury.Thiscomputationalmethodologyhasmadesubstantialimpactonmanyfieldsinscienceandalsohasprofoundlychangedengineeringdesignproceduresandpractice.Thispaper,mainlyfromasolidmechanicsperspective,andtheSwanseaviewpointinparticular,describesverybrieflytheoriginofthemethodology,thensummariesselectedmilestonesofthetechnicaldevelopmentsthathavetakenplaceoverthelastfiftyyearsandillustratestheirapplicationtosomepracticalengineeringproblems.

简介：EversincethefoundingofthePRCin1949,Sino-WesternEuropeanrelationshaveexperiencedthreedifferentphases.Thefirstonerangingfrom1950stoearly1970sistheperiodinwhichthetwosidesweremainlyseekingtosetupandnormalizetheirdiplomaticties.Thesecondphaserangingfromearly1970stolate

简介：Objective:ToobservetheclinicaleffectofFifty-yingacupuncturetherapyfortreatmentofchronicbronchitis,andtoexploreitsunderlyingmechanisms.Methods:Atotalof36out-andin-patientswithchronicbronchitisincluding10casesofasthmaweresubjectedintothisstudy.Amongthem,20caseswereqi-deficiencytypeand16qi-yin-deficiencywithphlegm-clamptype.Thechangesofsymptoms,T-lymphocytesubgroupsofCD3^+,CD4^+,CD8^+,CD4^+/CD8^+,solubleinterleuki-2receptor(SIL-2R),interleukin-6(IL-6),IgG,IgAandIgMbeforeandaftertreatmentwereobservedanddetectedusingmonoclonalindirectfluorescencemethod,enzymelinkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)andnephelometryrespectively.Results:(1)Theeffectiverateofqi-dificiencytypewas100%andthatofqi-yin-deficiencywithphlegm-damptype87.5%.(2)Afteracupuncturetreatment,inqi-deficiencytypepatients,serumIgG,IgAandIgMcontentsincreasedsignificantly(P<0.001)incomparisonwithpre-treatmentandinqi-yin-deficiencywithphlegm-damptypepatients,IgGlevelloweredobviously.SerumSIL-2RandCD4^+/CD8^+decreasedobviously(P<0.01,0.001),CD3^+,CD4^+andCD8^+increasedevidently(P<0.01).Conclusion:TheFifty-yingacupuncturetherapycanbetterclinicalsymptomsofchronicbronchitispatientsthroughitsresultantup-regulationoftheimmunesystemfunction.

简介：ＰＲＯＦ．ＷＡＮＧＹＩＮＵＡＮ：Ｆｉｆｔｙ－ＹｅａｒＥｆｆｏｒｔｓＰａｉｄＯｆｆＤｅａｒｌｙＱＩＡＮＨＵＩＪＵＮＱＬＡＮＨＵＩＪＵＮＦｉｆｔｙｙｅａｒｓａｇｏｗｈｅｎｈｅｂｅｇａｎｈｉｓｃａｒｅｅｒａｓａＴｉｂｅｔａｎｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｗｏｒｋｅｒ，ｈｅ...

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