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简介：Withtheimplementationofreformandopening-up,theoveralleconomyofChinahasmadebrilliantachievements;meanwhile,however,theeconomicdisparityhasbeenenlargingamongsomeregions,andbetweenthecityandthecountryside.Theexistenceandevolutionofthiskindofeconomicdisparityisconcernedwithsocialstability,sustainabledevelopmentandtheconstructionofharmonioussociety,whichhasgraduallybecomethehotspotinsocialeconomicdevelopment.TheWestCoastoftheStrait(WCS)locatedinsoutheastlittoralareasisadjacenttothePearlandYangtzeRiverDeltainthesouthandnorthandfacesTaiwanProvinceintheeast.Thestabilityanddevelopmentofthisregionhasvitalpoliticalandeconomicmeaninginthesocialeco-nomicdevelopmentofourcountry.Ithasimportanttheoreticalmeaningandpracticalvaluetoresearchtheform,characteristicsandevolutionofregionaleconomicdisparityintheWCS.BasedoninsightfulanalysisonexistingstudyresultsontheWCS,thepaperdefinestheconnotationandextension.Byaseriesofabso-luteandcomparativerelativeevaluationindexesandtakingtheWCSsince1992asthestudyobject,thepapermakesanalysisondifferentscalesincludingthreeregions,fourregions,20citiesand152counties,quantitativelyevaluatesthelevel,characteristicsandevolutionoftheregionaleconomicdisparityandcomparestheregionaleconomicdisparityondifferentscales.Themainconclu-sionsareasfollows:thevariationtrendoftheabsolutedisparityofthewholeregionisobviousandstable,whichhaspresentedaninflatingtrend;thecomparativevariationtrendonalargescalehaswaved,Thecomparativedisparityofthethreeregionsin-creasedannuallyfrom1992toaround2000,whichhadadecreas-ingtrendfromaround2000to2005;thecomparativevariationtrendonasmallscalewasnotstable,whichshowedanannualincreaseoffourregions,20citiesand152countiesfrom1992toaround2003andadecreasefromaround2003to2005;ther

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简介：ThisstudyismotivatedbytheinterestingrelationshipbetweentheincomeKuznetscurveandthecarbonKuznetscurve.ThispaperfocusesontheinteractioneffectsofincomedistributionandincomepercapitaonCO2emissionsusingcountrygrouppaneldataovertheperiodof1980to2006byemployingfixedeffects（FE）,randomeffects（RE）andfeasiblegeneralizedleastsquares（FGLS）estimationmethods.Themainfindingsareasfollows.（1）Thereexistsaninverted-UrelationshipbetweenCO2emissionspercapitaandincomepercapitainallsamplecountriesandhigh-incomegroups.（2）Thecross-countryincomedisparityhasanegativeeffectontheaveragelevelofCO2emissionsbutapositiveeffectontheaggregateincomeelasticityofCO2emissions.（3）ThisnegativeeffectofincomedisparityontheaveragelevelofCO2emissionsdecreasesalongwiththegrowthofpercapitaincome.Thus,economicgrowthcontributestothereductionofthisnegativeimpact.

简介：从农场的本利的数据基于数据生产并且中国农业年鉴，这篇论文划分了紧张栽培了陆地使用进劳动紧张和大写的紧张，然后在bo分析了他们的时间、空间的变化

简介：PopularregionalinequalityindexessuchasvariationcoefficientandGinicoefficientcanonlyrevealoverallinequality,andhavelimitedabilityinrevealingspatialdependenceorspatialagglomeration.Recentlysomemethodsofexploratoryspatialdataanalysissuchasspatialautocorrelationhaveprovidedeffectivetoolstoanalyzespatialagglomerationandcluster,whichcanrevealthepatternofregionalinequality.ThisarticleattemptstousespatialautocorrelationatcountyleveltogetrefinedspatialpatternofregionaldisparityinChinesenortheasteconomicregionover2000-2006(2001absent).Theresultindicatesthatthebasictrendofregionaleconomyisanincreasingconcentrationofgrowthamongcountiesinnortheasteconomicregion,andtherearetwogeographicalclustersofpoorercountiesincludingthecountiesinwesternLiaoningProvinceandadjacentcountiesinInnerMongolia,poorercountiesofHeihe,QiqiharandSuihuainHeilongjiangProvince.Thisarticlealsorevealsthatwecanusethemethodsofexploratoryspatialdataanalysisasthesupplementaryanalysismethodsinregionaleconomicanalysis.

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简介：亚洲落叶松的行为的回答吠叫甲壳虫，IpssubelongatusMotsch。到三个潜在的聚集pheromone部件，ipsenol(外消旋或[?]-enantiomer),ipsdienol(外消旋或[+]-enantiomer)和3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol，在东北中国的二个省(内部蒙古和吉林)用部分或完整的因素的试验性的图案被测试。我们在内部蒙古的地生物鉴定(Larixprincipis-rupprechtiiMayr。种植园)清楚地证明ipsenol，外消旋的任何一个或97%-(?)-enantiomer,是显著地吸引了两性的唯一的化合物我。subelongatus，当所有其它加重时(单身地或在联合)是不美的。没有双向或三路的synergistic相互作用。然而，在吉林省(L。gmelini[Rupr]Rupr。种植园)，测试的所有单个混合物是不活跃的，除了由在2004的97%-(?)-ipsenol的一项很弱的活动当甲壳虫人口很高时。当ipsenol和ipsdienol(racemates或enantiomerically纯的自然enantiomers)的联合为两性显示出一个重要吸引力时我。subelongatus，显示在这二个主要部件之间的一个双向synergistic相互作用，任何东西在陷井上完成的活跃二进制混合没有的到这些的3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol的增加抓住，建议ipsenol和ipsdienol是synergistic聚集pheromone部件我。在吉林省的subelongatus。看起来在内部蒙古或在吉林省的97%-(?)-ipsenol和97%-(+)-ipsdienol的二进制混合的97%-(?)-ipsenol比他们的相应racemates优异，它可能对相对极enantiomers的弱禁止的效果或到在racemate的活跃自然enantiomer的减少的版本率到期。我们的当前的生物鉴定结果建议在聚集pheromone反应有一个强壮的地理变化我。在东北中国的subelongatus。关于pheromone生产和反应的未来研究我。从在东北亚洲的不同区域的subelongatus将肯定改进我们这只经济地重要的森林害虫昆虫的动态聚集pheromone系统的理解。

简介：AbstractBackground:Non-smokers account for a large proportion of lung cancer patients, especially in Asia, but the attention paid to them is limited compared with smokers. In non-smokers, males display a risk for lung cancer incidence distinct from the females—even after excluding the influence of smoking; but the knowledge regarding the factors causing the difference is sparse. Based on a large multicenter prospective cancer screening cohort in China, we aimed to elucidate the interpretable sex differences caused by known factors and provide clues for primary and secondary prevention.Methods:Risk factors including demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, family history of cancer, and baseline comorbidity were obtained from 796,283 Chinese non-smoking participants by the baseline risk assessment completed in 2013 to 2018. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the sex difference in the risk of lung cancer, and the hazard ratios (HRs) that were adjusted for different known factors were calculated and compared to determine the proportion of excess risk and to explain the existing risk factors.Results:With a median follow-up of 4.80 years, 3351 subjects who were diagnosed with lung cancer were selected in the analysis. The lung cancer risk of males was significantly higher than that of females; the HRs in all male non-smokers were 1.29 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.38) after adjusting for the age and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.28-1.50) after adjusting for all factors, which suggested that known factors could not explain the sex difference in the risk of lung cancer in non-smokers. Known factors were 7% (|1.29-1.38|/1.29) more harmful in women than in men. For adenocarcinoma, women showed excess risk higher than men, contrary to squamous cell carcinoma; after adjusting for all factors, 47% ([1.30-1.16]/[1.30-1]) and 4% ([7.02-6.75]/[7.02-1])) of the excess risk was explainable in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The main causes of gender differences in lung cancer risk were lifestyle factors, baseline comorbidity, and family history.Conclusions:Significant gender differences in the risk of lung cancer were discovered in China non-smokers. Existing risk factors did not explain the excess lung cancer risk of all non-smoking men, and the internal causes for the excess risk still need to be explored; most known risk factors were more harmful to non-smoking women; further exploring the causes of the sex difference would help to improve the prevention and screening programs and protect the non-smoking males from lung cancers.

简介：AbstractBackground:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among student men who have sex with men (MSM) in college is more than 5.0% and keeps on increasing in China. This study aims to clarify the proportion of HIV recent infection, its propeller and the source among college student MSM.Methods:We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study in seven major Chinese cities during 2012-2013. HIV recent infections (≤168 days) and incidence was measured and estimated by BED HIV-1 capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) testing strategy. HIV-related behaviors and transmitted drug resistance (TDR) were investigated and compared between the college student MSM, < 25-year-old non-student youth MSM (NSYM), and ≥25-year-old non-student non-youth MSM (NSNYM), using structured survey, and analyses of drug resistance.Results:Overall, 4496 (4496/4526, 99.3%) were eligible for enrollment, comprising 565 college student MSM, 1094 NSYM, and 2837 NSNYM. The proportion of HIV recent infection were 70.3% (26/37), 50.8% (65/128) and 35.1% (95/271), the HIV incidence rate were 10.0 (95% CI: 6.2-13.9)/100 person-year (PY), 12.9 (95% CI: 9.8-16.1 )/100PY, 6.8 (95% CI: 5.4-8.2)/100 PY, and TDR prevalences were 7.4% (2/27), 2.0%, (2/98) and 4.9% (11/226), among student MSM, NSYM, and NSNYM, respectively. Among HIV positive student MSM with age <21 years, the proportion of HIV recent infection is 90.9% (10/11). Factors independently associated with HIV recent infection in student MSM was usage of recreational drug in the past 6 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.0-5.8).Conclusions:College student MSM had higher proportion of HIV recent infection and TDR than the youth and older MSM in China during 2012-2013. The HIV infections were more likely to happen during the early year of college life among student MSM.