简介：数字模拟被执行调查云冷凝作用原子核(CCN)的效果microphysical过程和下得很大的冰雹的降水特征上的集中。二个下得很大的冰雹案例被模仿，一个春天案例和一个夏天案例在北中国的一个半干旱的区域，与地区性的大气的建模系统。结果被用来调查在春天和夏天下得很大的冰雹之间的CCN效果的差别和类似。类似是：(1)当混合比率的全部的冰阶段提高时，混合比率的全部的hydrometeor减少，与增加CCN集中；(2)CCN集中的改进导致小型的hydrometeor粒子，但是一减少大尺寸的hydrometeor粒子的更大的数量的生产；(3)当CCN集中增加，supercooled云水和雨水做更小的贡献下冰雹，当时冰阶段hydrometeors在冰雹的生长呈现活跃角色；(4)当CCN集中增加时，当相对，角色与冰阶段降水的相比在全部的降水还原剂的数量由液体阶段降雨玩了时，全部的降水的数量减少。二暴风雨之间的差别包括：(1)CCN集中的增加趋于减少在春天案例中混合比率的太古的冰，但是在夏天案例中提高他们；(2)冰阶段hydrometeor粒子贡献更多在春天盒子中招呼生长，当液体水在夏天盒子中更作出贡献时；(3)CCN集中的增加在不同季节在表面冰雹降水上有不同效果。

简介：Oceanicgeneralcirculationmodelshavebecomeanimportanttoolforthestudyofmarinestatusandchange.ThispaperreportsanumericalsimulationcarriedoutusingLICOM2.0andtheforcingfieldfromCORE.WhencomparedwithSODAreanalysisdataandERSST.v3bdata,thepatternsandvariabilityofthetropicalPacific–IndianOceanassociatedmode(PIOAM)arereproducedverywellinthisexperiment.Thisindicatesthat,whenthetropicalcentral–westernIndianOceanandcentral–easternPacificareabnormallywarmer/colder,thetropicaleasternIndianOceanandwesternPacificarecorrespondinglycolder/warmer.ThisfurtherconfirmsthatthetropicalPIOAMisanimportantmodethatisnotonlysignificantintheSSTanomalyfield,butalsomoreobviouslyinthesubsurfaceoceantemperatureanomalyfield.Thesurfaceassociatedmodeindex(SAMI)andthethermocline(i.e.,subsurface)associatedmodeindex(TAMI)calculatedusingthemodeloutputdataarebothconsistentwiththevaluesoftheseindicesderivedfromobservationandreanalysisdata.However,themodelSAMIandTAMIaremorecloselyandsynchronouslyrelatedtoeachother.

简介：用32，CMIP5(联合模型Intercomparison工程阶段5)当模特儿，这研究在为1850-2005的观察外部放射的强迫驾驶的历史的跑在云数量和他们的放射的效果(CRE)的模拟检验诚实，并且他们的未来在4.5情形竞选的RCP(代表性的集中小径)改变2006-2100。为历史的跑的确认度量标准被设计为climatological在空间模式的表示检验精确性吝啬、年度并且云和CRE的interannual变化。模型在云数量的模拟显示出大传播，明确地在低云总计。大规模环境也是的在云数量并且控制之间的观察关系由各种各样的模型不同地复制了。基于作为四个模型的最好的模型，和一般水准选择的确认度量标准，四modelsACCESS1.0，ACCESS1.3，HadGEM2-CC，和HadGEM2-ESare比multimodel整体一般水准更熟练地表现。模型投射全球平均数的SST在温室气体的增加温暖的所有，而是大小越过在1和2K之间的模拟变化，它对在云数量和分发的变化的差别大部分可归因。模仿温暖的更多的SST的模型由于减少的低云和增加的到来的短波放射在网CRE显示出更大的增加，特别地在在画热带的海洋的边界层的区域上。选择最好执行的模型在大约0.99%K1的全球平均数的云数量投射重要减小并且捕捞建议积极反馈的一个角色到全球温暖的0.46Wm2K1,的放射的温暖。

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简介：Determiningtheinfluencesofenvironmentalfactorsonseedlinggrowthandleafcolormayimproveourunderstandingofthechromogenicmechanismsinleavesandthebiosynthesisofanthocyanin.TodeterminetheoptimumconditionsforBetula'RoyalFrost'seedlingcultivation,weassessedseedlinggrowthandanthocyanincontentundernaturalconditions.Thetemperaturehadasignificantinfluenceonheightbutnotonradialgrowth.BetweenJuneandSeptember,theanthocyanincontentwassignificantlypositivelycorrelatedwithlightintensityandairmoistureandsignificantlynegativelycorrelatedwithtemperature.Insingle-factorexperimentstodeterminethevariationinanthocyanincontentinthegreenhouse,anthocyanincontentincreasedwithincreasingsoilwatercontentandatfirstincreased,thendecreasedwithincreasingpHoftheirrigationwaterandtemperature,butdecreasedwithincreasinglightintensity.K2SO4canincreasetheanthocyanincontent.Sotomaintainleafcolor,seedlingsshouldbecultivatedwith\200lmolm-2s-1lightintensityat20_Candsoilmoisturecontentbetween60and90%,andtheirrigationwatershouldbeneutraloralkaline.Additionally,sprayingwithK2SO4canbebeneficial.

简介：Fivelightweightmullitecastableswerepreparedusingthelightweightmulliteaggregate(M45A)withnarrowparticlesizedistributionandsphericalshape,mullitepowder(M45P),kyanitepowder,microsilicaandSecar71cementasrawmaterials.Afterthespecimensfiredat1100℃,1200℃and1300℃for3h,respectively,theeffectsofkyanitecontents(8%,10%,12%,14%,16%bymass)onthephysicalproperties,phasecompositionandmicrostructureswereinvestigatedthroughanX-raydiffractometer(XRD),ascanningelectionmicroscopy(SEM)andamicroscopymeasurementmethod,etc.Theresultsshowthat,forthespecimensfiredat1300℃withthekyanitecontentfrom8%to16%,thebulkdensitiesandapparentporositieschangelittle,butthecoldmodulusofruptureandthecrushingstrengthsdecreasesignificantly,andthelinearchangeratesincreasefrom-0.87%to0.64%.Themostappositemodeisthespecimencontaining12%kyanitefiredat1300℃,whichhasahighcrushingstrengthof29.3MPa,alowlinearchangeof0.18%,anapparentporosityof36.8%andabulkdensityof1.73g/cm~3.

简介：TIGweldingwasusedtodepositCo-8.8Al-9.8W-0.2Bsuperalloyon304austenitestainlesssteel.Theformfactorofweld,dilutionratio,microhardness,microstructureanddistributionofalloyingelementswereinvestigated.Themicrostructureofcladdinglayerwasmainlyhypoeutectic.Theprimaryphaseswerecobalt-richsolidsolution.Theeutecticphasewascomposedofcobalt-richsolidsolution,Co6W6CandCoCx.Whentheboroncontentincreasedfrom0.2%to0.5%,thedilutionratiodecreased,theprimaryphasebecamecoarseandthemicrohardnessdecreased.Whentheboroncontentwasfrom0.5%to2%,thedilutionratioandmicrohardnessincreasedobviously,buttheprimaryphasewasrefined.ThehardphaseofCo-8.8Al-9.8Wbecamerefinedandtheamountwasraised,andtheperformanceofcladdinglayerwasimprovedwithappropriateboronincrease.

简介：Ceria-zirconiasolidsolutionhasbeenpreparedbytheureagrindcombustionandcitricacidsol-gelmethodsforcatalyticapplicationsasoxygenstorage/releasematerialsinthisstudy.Thepropertiesandoxygenstorage/releasecapacitiesofsampleswithdifferentZrcontentswerecharacterizedandevaluatedbyX-raydiffraction（XRD）,N2adsorption,scanningelectronmicroscopy（SEM）,Ramanspectroscopy,andinsituCO–CO2loopingtest.Theresultsdemonstratethatthesamplespreparedbytwomethodsareallofexcellentlattice[O]release/storagepropertiesandmaintaingoodlong-termcyclestability.ButthepreparationmethodsignificantlyimpactsthehomogeneityofsamplesrelatedtotheirredoxpropertiesandthecontentofZrover20%,whichgreatlychangedthepropertiesofceria-zirconiasolidsolutionsandcausedtheirchangingofcrystallinesymmetryfromcubictotetragonal.Thesamplespreparedbycitricacidsolgelmethodareofmorehomogeneousparticlesizesandhigherspecificsurfaceareasthanthatbyureagrindcombustionmethod,whichisbenefittotheoxygenreleaseratherthanoxygenstorage.ThebulkoxygenamountmigratedtosurfaceincreaseswiththeincreasingZrcontent,however,theamountoflatticeoxygenmigrationdecreaseswhenZrcontentisover20%.WhenZrcontentis20%,thedifferencesofstorage/releasecapacitiesfromtwodifferentpreparationmethodsarereducedathightemperatureinthelong-termloopreaction.