简介：ＡＮＣＩＥＮＴＲＥＬＩＧＩＯＮＩＮＣＨＩＮＡＡＮＤＴＨＥＷＥＳＴＣＯＭＰＡＲＥＤＲｏｂｅｒｔＬ．Ｃｈａｒｄ，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｆｏｒＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＳｔｕｄｉｅｓ，ＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＯｘｆｏｒｄＲｅｌｉｇｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａｔａｋｅｓｖｅｒｙｄｉ...

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简介：ＧＲＡＮＩＳＥＴＲＯＮＣＯＭＰＡＲＥＤＷＩＴＨＯＮＤＡＮＳＥＴＲＯＮＰＬＵＳＤＥＸＡＭＥＴＨＡＳＯＮＥＩＮＴＨＥＰＲＥＶＥＮＴＩＯＮＯＦＮＡＵＳＥＡＡＮＤＶＯＭＩＴＩＮＧＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＢＹＡＩＮＴＥＮＳＥＬＹＥＭＥＴＯＧＥＮＩＣＣＨＥＭＯＴＨＥＲＡＰ...

简介：陆地使用和陆地盖子变化(LULCC)强烈由联合生物化学、生物物理的过程影响地区性、全球的气候。然而，生物物理的过程经常被忽略，它可以抵消biogeochemical效果，因此到地址气候变化的措施不能到达目标。因此，LULCC的生物物理的影响为观察气候以后在过去和潜在的情形改变的理解是批评的。因此，鉴别气候上的大规模LULCC的机制和效果通过改变内在的表面变化是必要的，并且这样精力平衡。在必须被探讨包括的全球气候上理解人的活动的影响上的关键科学问题：(1)在中国和比较国家的LULCC的空间、时间的变化的基本科学事实是什么？(2)怎么理解联合在LULCC上然后到预报未来情形驾驶人的活动和气候变化的机制？(3)LULCC的科学机制是什么，在陆地表面，然后气候的生物物理的过程上影响吗？(4)怎么估计到气候的LULCC的贡献由影响土地的生物物理的过程变化出现？由国际比较，在本地、地区性、全球的规模的气候变化上的LULCC的影响被揭示并且评估。它能为全球变化提供理论基础，并且有大意义减轻并且适应全球气候变化。

简介：瞄准：为了为内视镜的超声(EUS)比较结果，指导了清楚的液体的排水有脓肿的结果的胰腺的pseudocysts排水。方法：所有病人参考了因为一个液体集合的内视镜的排水有希望地被包括。结果被记录。结果：总的来说26pseudocysts或脓肿在25被对待(6女性)病人。一endoscopist执行了过程。非感染的pseudocysts在15个病人是在场的，10个病人感染了液体集合。包囊尺寸在28厘米漠?桴?潢瑴敬之间变化了吗？

简介：HENDL2.0,thelatestversionofthehybridevaluatednucleardatalibrary,wasdevelopedbaseduponsomeevaluateddatafromFENDL2.1andENDF/B-Ⅶ.Toqualifyandvalidatetheworkinglibrary,anintegraltestfortheneutronproductiondataofHENDL2.0wasperformedwithaseriesofexistingsphericalshellbenchmarkexperiments(suchasV,Be,Fe,Pb,Cr,Mn,Cu,A1,Si,Co,Zr,Nb,Mo,WandTi).TheseexperimentsweresimulatednumericallyusingHENDL2.0/MGandahome-developedcodeVisualBUS.CalculationswereconductedwithbothFENDL2.1/MGandFENDL2.1/MC,whicharebasedonacontinuous-energyMonteCarloCodeMCNP/4C.Bycomparisonandanalysisoftheneutronleakagespectraandtheintegraltest,benchmarkresultsofneutronproductiondataarepresentedinthispaper.

简介：关于土壤parameterisation的无常的高度限制分布式的洪水控制措施的身体上基于的模拟的意义，它影响流量产生进程，例如陆地使用变化或不同土壤耕种惯例。在这研究，从在Scheyern研究农场的hillslope规模的土壤测量数据与相比表明这无常。到为在Scheyern的调查区域的土壤的空间可变性的报道，不同途径被使用估计土壤水力的性质和浸透的水力的电导率，并且与领域大小相比。

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简介：Objective:MicroRNA-21(miR-21)hasbeenshowntobeakeyregulatorofcarcinogenesis.TherewerefewreportsaboutthecomparisonofserummiR-21withconventionaltumormarkers.ThisstudyaimedtoexplorethediagnosticvalueofcirculatingmiR-21asatumormarkerinbreastcancer(BC)andcompareitwithCA153andcarcinoembryonicantigen(CEA).Methods:CirculatingmiR-16andmiR-21wereamplifiedandquantitativelydetectedbyreal-timePCRin89BCpatientsand55healthycontrols.ThelevelsofCA153andCEAweremeasuredthroughelectrochemiluminescenceassays.ThenthesensitivityindiagnosisofBCwascomparedamongmiR-21,CA153andCEA.Results:ThelevelofserummiR-21wassignificantlyhigherinBCpatientsthancontrols(P<0.001).ThesensitivityandspecificityofmiR-21were87.6%and87.3%,respectively,whereasthesensitivitiesofCEAandCA153wereonly22.47%and15.73%.Conclusions:ComparedwithCEAandCA153,serummiR-21hasahighersensitivityindiagnosisofBC.AlthoughnotcorrelatedwiththestatusofER,PRandclinicalstages,serummiR-21maybeapotentialdiagnosticindicatorforBC,especiallyfortheearlystage.

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简介：因为它的高收益潜力，到边缘的地点的改编，和忍耐，Switchgrass(PanicumvirgatumL.)作为持续bioenergy庄稼被建议了到水和滋养的限制。生物资源精力庄稼生产的潜在的效果的更好的理解在土壤上练习生物性质，有机物动力学对它的生产批评。我们的目的在学院车站，达拉斯，和Stephenville是与成长得典型地的庄稼相比在不同土壤在温暖季节的长期的switchgrass下面在C水池评估变化镇定的，在2001年2月的TX。采样深度是05，515，和1530厘米。Switchgrass增加了土壤器官的C(SOC)，玷污微生物引起的生物资源C(SMBC)，mineralizableC，和与常规收割相比的微粒有机物C(POM-C)系统。土壤C集中在顺序：长期的沿海的bermudagrass[Cynodondactylon(L.)Pers.]switchgrass1997>常规收割系统。土壤C集中趋于与增加泥土内容增加。更大的微生物引起的生物资源C跟随了达拉斯的顺序>学院车站>Stephenville，并且在达拉斯在Stephenville从约180mgCkg1土壤到1900mgCkg1土壤。微粒器官的C比对管理的另外的部分更敏感，像在与常规收割系统相比的长期的沿海的bermudagrass下面的6褶层一样增加。我们的学习显示进switchgrass生产的常规收割系统的变换能扣押更多的SOC并且改进土壤在南部的美国的生物性质。

简介：把方法基于回响，粘滞0.2-2.0kg/m3的吸收沉积和玻璃祷告混浊的海水被测量。测量结果与用粒子尺寸分布技术的预言结果更一致而不是使用平均粒子半径技术，这被显示出。由预言的比较，用粒子的结果用平均粒子半径技术与那缩放分布技术，差异是2.3-2.6dB，这被观察为沉积的1.0kg/m3的每100米在试验性的频率的范围以内的混浊的海水。粒子尺寸分布应该在预言被考虑，这被建议粘滞沿海的混浊的水里的吸收。

简介：AIM:TodeterminethevisualoutcomesinadultpatientswhosustainedopenglobeinjuriesandtodeterminewhetherthevisualprognosisfollowinganeyeinjuryinanAfricansettingdiffersfromthepredictedoutcomesaccordingtotheOcularTraumaScore(OTS)study.AsecondaryaimwastoestablishtheeviscerationratefortheseinjuriesandassesshowthisformofinterventionaffectedoutcomesincomparisontotheOTS.·METHODS:Aprospectivecaseseriesofallpatientsadmittedwithopenglobeinjuriesoveratwo-year(July2009toJune2011)period.InjurieswerescoredusingtheOTSandthesurgicalinterventionwasrecorded.Thebestcorrectedvisualacuityatthreemonthswasregardedasvisualoutcome.·RESULTS:Therewere249openglobeinjuries,ofwhich169patients(169eyes)completedthe3-monthfollow-up.Allpatientsunderwentprimarysurgery,175(70.3%)repairs,61(24.5%)eviscerationsand13(5.2%)otherprocedures.GlobeeviscerationsweremainlydoneonOTSCategory1cases,butoutcomesinthiscategorywerenotfoundtobedifferentfromOTSoutcomes.OutcomesweresignificantlyworseinCategory2,butwhentheentiredistributionwastested,thedifferenceswerenotstatisticallysignificant.TheoverallassociationbetweenOTSoutcomesandthefinalvisualoutcomesinthisstudywasfoundtobeastrong(P<0.005).·CONCLUSION:Reliableinformationregardingtheexpectedoutcomesofeyeinjurieswillinfluencemanagementdecisionsandpatientexpectations.TheOTSisavaluabletool,theuseofwhichhasbeenvalidatedinmanypartsoftheworld-itmayalsobeavalidpredictorinanAfricansetting.

简介：Background:Athleteshavebeenshowntoexhibitbetterbalancecomparedtonon-athletes(NON).However,fewstudieshaveinvestigatedhowthesurfaceonwhichathletestrainaffectsthestrategiesadoptedtomaintainbalance.Twodistinctathletegroupswhoexperiencedifferenttypesofsport-specificbalancetrainingarestablesurfaceathletes(SSA)suchasbasketballplayersandthosewhotrainonunstablesurfaces(USA)suchassurfers.ThepurposeofthisstudywastoinvestigatetheeffectsoftrainingsurfaceondynamicbalanceinathletescomparedtoNON.Methods:EightNON,eightSSA,andeightUSAperformedfive20-strialsineachoffiveexperimentalconditionsincludingastaticconditionandfourdynamicconditionsinwhichthesupportsurfacetranslatedintheanteroposterior(AP)ormediolateral(ML)planesusingpositiveornegativefeedbackparadigms.Approximateentropy(ApEn)androotmeansquaredistance(RMS)ofthecenterofpressure(CoP)werecalculatedfortheAPandMLdirections.Four3×5(group×condition)repeatedmeasuresANOVAswereusedtodeterminesignificanteffectsofgroupandconditiononvariablesofinterest.Results:USAexhibitedsmallerApEnvaluesthanSSAintheAPsignalswhilenosignificantdifferenceswereobservedintheMLCoPsignals.Generally,thenegativefeedbackconditionswereassociatedwithsignificantlygreaterRMSvaluesthanthepositivefeedbackconditions.Conclusion:USAexhibituniqueposturalstrategiescomparedtoSSA.Theseuniquestrategiesseeminglyexhibitadirection-specificattributeandmaybeassociatedwithdivergentmotorcontrolstrategies.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigateapathophysiologicalroleofcathepsinW(CatW),aputativethiol-dependentcysteineprotease,whichisspecificallyexpressedincytotoxiclymphocytes,indifferenttypesofchronicinflammationofthegastricmucosa.METHODS:GastricandduodenalbiopsiesofpatientswithHelicobacterpylori(Hpylori)-associatedactivegastritis(Hp,n=19),chemicallyinducedreactivegastritis(CG,n=17),autoimmuneatrophicgastritis(AIG,n=20),lymphocyticcorpusgastritis(LG,n=29),celiacdisease(CD,n=10),andcorrespondingcontrols(n=24)wereanalyzedbyimmunohistochemistryfortheexpressionofCatWandCD45.Furthermore,immunohistochemicaldoublestainingwithanti-CD3andanti-cathepsinwasperformedforthesamplesofAIG.RESULTS:MedianvaluesofCatW-expressingcellsamongCD45-positiveimmunecellswerebetween2%and6%fornormalgastricmucosa,CG,andLG,whereasthecorrespondingvaluewassignificantlyincreasedforAIG(24.7%,P＜0.001)andsignificantlydecreasedforHP(0.7%,P＜0.05).Doublestainingwithanti-CD3andantiCatWantibodiesrevealedthat＞90%ofCatW-expressingcellsingastricmucosaofAIGwereTcells.DuodenalmucosahadsignificantlymoreCatW/CD45-positivecellsthannormalgastricmucosa(median:17.8%vs2%,P＜0.01).ThecorrespondingproportionofCatW/CD45-positivecellswasdecreasedinCDcomparedtoduodenalmucosa(median:2.1%vs17.8%,P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:TheoppositefindingsregardingthepresenceofCatW-positivecellsinAIG(increase)andCD(decrease)reflectsthedifferentcellularcompositionofimmunecellsinvolvedinthepathogenesisofthesediseases.

简介：Recentstudieshaverevealedthatthepropertyofdrugismainlyassociatedwiththebody'ssubstanceandenergyme-tabolism.ThepresentstudyaimedtoevaluatethedrugpropertyofPoria,calledFuling(FL)intraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM),intermsofitseffectsonthesubstanceandenergymetabolisminratmodelsofcold-deficiencyandheat-deficiencysyndromes,comparedwithAconitiLateralisRadixPraeparaia,calledFuzi(FZ)inTCM,withhotproperty,andAnemarrhenaeRhizoma,calledZhimu(ZM)inTCM,withcoldproperty,asreferencedrugs,respectively.Theappearancescore,toeandrectaltemperaturesoftheanimalstreatedwereassessedatdifferenttimepoints.Severalindicesinvivocorrelatedwithsubstanceandenergymetabolism(glucokinas,phosphoglyceratekinase,cytochromecreductase,cytochromecoxydase,andNa^+-K^+-ATPase),endocrinesystem(triiodothyronine,thyroxine,and17-hydroxycorticosteroid),nervoussystem(acetylcholinesterase),andcyclicnucleotidesystemweredetermined.Thechangesinappearancescoreandindicesinvivosuggestedthesuccessfulestablishmentofcold-deficiencyandheat-deficiencysyndromemodels.FZreversedthedecreasedlevelsofindices(substanceandenergymetabolismandendocrinesystem)andalleviatedthesyndromeofcold-deficiencymodel,andZMshowedobviouslytherapeuticeffectonheat-deficiencysyndrome(appearancescore,substanceandenergymetabolism,andendocrinesystem).FLcouldalleviatecold-deficiencysyndromeandraisethedecreasedlevelsofglucokinas,phosphoglyceratekinase,cytochromecreductaseandtriiodothyronineincold-deficiencymodel,buthadnosignificanteffectonheat-deficiencysyndrome.DrugpropertyofFLwasinferredastrendingto"flatandwarm",whichstillneedfurtherstudy.Itwasadvisabletoadoptbothcold-deficiencyandheat-deficiencymodelstostudythedrugswith"flat"property.

简介：AbstractBackground:Ophthalmic ambulatory surgery is preferred to be performed under general anesthesia either by total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) or by inhalational anesthesia to increase the patient comfort. However, anesthesia-controlled time (ACT) can cause increased non-operative operating room (OR) time which may adversely affect the ORs efficiency. This study was aimed to compare the ACT of desflurane with that of propofol-remifentanil in strabismus ambulatory surgery.Methods:From November 2016 to December 2017, a total of 200 strabismus patients (aged 18-60 years old, and scheduled for elective ambulatory surgery at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center) were randomly assigned to receive either propofol-based TIVA (group TIVA) or desflurane anesthesia (group DES) for maintenance of anesthesia. The primary outcome was the extubation time. Secondary outcomes included surgical time, anesthetic time, OR exit time, and Phase I and II recovery time. The intraoperative incidences of hypotension, bradycardia and oculocardiac reflex (OCR), and the incidences of any post-operative complications were recorded. Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square or Fisher exact tests were used to compare the two groups.Results:We found that the extubation time (5.5 [3.9-7.0] vs. 9.7 [8.5-11.4] min, P < 0.001) and the incidence of prolonged time to extubation (0 vs. 6%, P = 0.029) in the DES group were significantly decreased compared with those in the TIVA group. The patients in the DES group displayed shorter OR exit time as compared with that in the TIVA group (7.3 [5.5-8.7] vs. 10.8 [9.3-12.3] min, P < 0.001). The patients using desflurane exhibited more stable hemodynamics during surgery than the patients using propofol-based TIVA, as demonstrated by lower incidences of hypotension (1% vs. 22%, P < 0.001), bradycardia (2% vs. 13%, P = 0.002), and OCR (17% vs. 44%, P < 0.001).Conclusion:DES enhanced the ophthalmic OR efficiency by reducing the extubation time and OR exit time, and provided more stable hemodynamics intra-operatively than TIVA in patients undergoing strabismus ambulatory surgery.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, No. NCT02922660; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02922660?id=NCT02922660&draw=2&rank=1

简介：摘要ObjectivesTo investigate whether botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection is more effective than radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in reducing plantar flexor muscle spasticity in subjects with cerebral palsy.MethodsA total of 68 subjects with cerebral palsy were randomly allocated to BTX-A injection (Group 1) or radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Group 2) (first experiment; E1). Outcome was evaluated using the Tardieu V1 and V3 stretches, at 3 weeks, 2 months (M2) and M3 after baseline. At M6 subjects in Group 1 received radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy and subjects in Group 2 received BTX-A injection (second experiment; E2); outcome was evaluated as in E1. Treatment success was defined as improvement in foot dorsiflexion ≥10° when performing the V3 stretch at M2 in both experiments.ResultsIn both experiments mean V1 and V3 significantly improved over time. In E1 both treatments resulted in similar treatment success. In E2 fewer subjects treated with BTX-A injection reached the criteria of treatment success than did subjects treated with radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy, which was due to a carry-over effect from E1. No significant complications were observed.ConclusionBTX-A injection is not superior to radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of plantar flexor muscle spasticity in subjects with cerebral palsy.

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简介：Objective:Apreviousstudydemonstratedthatnon-anthracycline-containingdocetaxelpluscyclophosphamide(TC)regimenwasinferiortodocetaxel,anthracyclineandcyclophosphamide(TAC)inneoadjuvanttreatmentoftriple-negativebreastcancer(TNBC)andhumanepidermalgrowthfactorreceptor-2-(HER2)-positivebreastcancerinashort-termfollow-up.Herein,long-termfollow-upsurvivaloutcomeshavebeeninvestigated.Methods:TNBCorHER2-positivepatientswererandomizedtoreceive6cyclesofTCorTACneoadjuvanttreatment.Theprimaryendpointwaspathologicalcompleteremission(pCR).Secondaryendpointsincludedclinicalresponserate,event-freesurvival(EFS),andoverallsurvival(OS).Results:Acohortof96patientsconsistedof45inTCand51inTACarm.Withamedianfollow-upperiodof53(range,8–76)months,thepatientsachievingpCRpostneoadjuvantchemotherapyexhibitedsuperiorEFSandOSthanpatientswithoutpCR(P<0.05).TACtreatmentresultedinconsistentlybetterEFSthanTCtreatment:theestimated5-yearEFSwas66.1%vs.29.8%(P=0.002).Moreover,theestimated5-yearOSwasalsoinfavorofTAC:88.4%vs.51.6%(P<0.001).Multivariableanalysisdemonstratedthatthetreatmentregimenwasanindependentprognosticfactor,andpatientstreatedwithTAChadasuperiorEFS[hazardratio(HR),0.48;95%confidenceinterval(95%CI),0.26–0.90;P=0.021]andOS(HR,0.20;95%CI,0.08–0.60;P=0.003).Conclusions:Theupdatedlong-termfollow-updatademonstratedasustainedbenefitinEFSandOSfromanthracycline-containingTACtreatment,indicatingthatanthracyclineisanessentialandeffectivedruginthisclinicaltrial.