简介：Colorectalcarcinoma(CRC)isacommoncauseofmorbidityandmortalityworldwide.TwopathogenicpathwaysareinvolvedinthedevelopmentofadenomatoCRC.ThefirstpathwayinvolvesAPC/β-catenincharacterizedbychromosomalinstabilityresultingintheaccumulationofmutations.ThesecondpathwayischaracterizedbylesionsinDNAmismatchrepairgenes.AberrantDNAmethylationinselectedgenepromotershasemergedasanewepigeneticpathwayinCRCdevelopment.CRCscreeningisthemostefficientstrategytoreducedeath.SpecificDNAmethylationeventsoccurinmultistepcarcinogenesis.EpigeneticgenesilencingisacausativefactorofCRCdevelopment.DNAmethylationshavebeenextensivelyexaminedinstoolfromCRCandprecursorlesions.ManymethylatedgeneshavebeendescribedinCRCandadenoma,althoughnodefiniteDNAmethylationbiomarkerspanelhasbeenestablished.MultipleDNAmethylationbiomarkers,includingsecretedfrizzled-relatedprotein2,secretedfrizzled-relatedprotein1,tissuefactorpathwayinhibitor2,vimentin,andmethylguanineDNAmethyltransferase,havebeenfurtherinvestigated,andobservationshaverevealedthatDNAmethylationbiomarkersexhibitwithhighsensitivityandspecificity.ThesemarkersmayalsobeusedtodiagnoseCRCandadenomainearlystages.Realtimepolymerasechainreaction(qPCR)issensitive,scalable,specific,reliable,timesaving,andcosteffective.Stoolexfoliatedmarkersprovideadvantages,includingsensitivityandspecificity.AstoolqPCRmethylationtestmayalsobeanenhancedtoolforCRCandadenomascreening.

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简介：Objectives:ToevaluatetheVidasChlamydia(CHL)assayfordetectingC.Trachomatiswithswabsandfirstcatchurine(FCU)specimensfromSTDpatientsandhighriskpopulations.Methods:Atotalof383patientsweretestedwithtissueculture(TC),VidasCHLandpolymerasechainreaction(PCR)forC.trachomatisonmaleandfemaleswabs,withVidasCHLtestingmaleFCUspecimens.CHLpositiveandequivocalresultswereconfirmedwithablockingassay(CHB).TruepositiveweredefinedaseitherTCpositive,orTCnegtivebutCHLandPCRpositive.TheperformanceofTC,CHLandPCRwereevaluatedaccordingtothisexpandedgoldstandard.Results:Comparedwiththeexpandedgoldstandard,54ofthe232malespecimensweretruepositiveresults.Formaleswabs,TC,CHLandPCRhadsensitivitiesof90.7%,96.3%and94.4%,andspecificitiesof100%,98.3%and97.2%,respectively.Differenceswerenotstatisticallysignificant.FormaleFCUspecimens,CHLsensitivityandspecificitywere83.3%and98.3%;therewaslittledifferencebetweentheseresultsandthatofmatchedswabs.Comparedwiththeexpandedgoldstandard,28ofthe151femaleswabsweretruepositive;TC,CHLandPCRhadsensitivitiesof82.1%,100%and96.4%,andspecificitiesof100%,98.4%and97.6%,respectively.Thedifferencewasalsonotsignificant.Conclusions:VidasCHLassayisverysensitiveandspecificforC.trachomatisdetectionwithswabspecimensofmaleandfemaleSTDpatients.FormaleFCUspecimens,theassayalsohadhighsensitivityandspecificity.CHBmaynotbeneededintheroutinedetectionofChlamydiainfections.PopulationswithhigherincidenceofC.trachomatisinfection.

简介：Itiscommonlyseenthatpatientswithbonefractureoftencomplicateotherpartsofinjuriesthatpresentamoreurgentsituationthanfracturesandoftenneedtimelyrecognitionandmanagement.SinceDecember1998,wehavedetectedandanalyzedtheratioofwhitebloodcells(WBC)andhemoglobin(Hb)indiagnosisofcomplicatedinjuriesinpatientswithbonefractureandtrytoraiserescuerateandreducemisseddiagnosisrate.

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简介：Objective:Tocomparethesensitivityandspecificityofthecervical/urethralswabswithvoidedurinespecimensforthedetectionofgenitourinarytractinfectionwithChlamydiatrachomatisanddeterminewhetherurinespecimenscanreplacethecervical/urethralswabsindetectionofC.trachomatis.Methods:Thematchedcervical/urethralswabsandvoidedurinespecimenswerecollectedfrom569patientsofSTDclinics.Polymerasechainreaction(PCR)assayspecificforC.trachomatisplasmidDNAandrapidantigentesting(Clearviewassay)wasusedtodetectC.trachomatis.Standardcriteriathatdefined""""true""""positiveincluded:1)positivePCRresultsbothincervical/urethralswabandvoidedurinespecimenor2)positivevoidedurineresultsbothbyPCRassayandclearviewtestor3)positiveresultsinbothPCRassayofcervical/urethralswabandclearviewtestofvoidedurine.Forstatisticalanalysis,thechi-squaretestwasused.Results:TheprevalenceofC.trachomatisinpatientswithsymptomswas12.1%(28/231)inwomenand10.4%(10/96)inmen,withnosignificantdifferencebetweenthem(x^2=0.21,P>0.05).TheprevalenceofC.trachomatisinpatientswithnosymptomswas11.0%(11/100)inwomenand15.5%(22/142)inmen,withasignificantdifferenceexistingbetweenthem.(x^2=4.0,P<0.05).Nosignificantdifference(P>0.05)existedbetweenPCRtestingofswabs(sensitivity87.3%;specificity99.2%)andPCRtestingofurine(sensitivity88.7%;specificity98.8%).Asforclearviewassay,sensitivitywas60.6%andspecificitywas100%.Conclusions:PCRassayissuperiortoclearviewindetectingC.trachomatis.AlthoughbothPCRtestingofswabsandPCRtestingofurinespecimensbothhavehighsensitivityandspecificity,urinespecimentestingismorecost-effective,practicalandnoninvasive.ThusurinespecimenscantaketheplaceoftheswabsinPCRtestingforchlamydia.

简介：独居、群居的蝗虫许多特点地不同，例如身体颜色，morphometrics和行为。关于行为，当群居的动物寻求对方时，独居的动物躲避对方“s同伴，因此他们的拥挤的行为。一般活动，取决于温度，在整个日子发生，但是在独居的蝗虫是低得多的。当群居的蝗虫在白天期间定期飞时，独居的蝗虫偶尔到夜里飞(聚集)。寻找新试金到识别控制或修改方面的物质(阶段)行为，我们设计了简单活动试金，想补充存在行为的测量工具。一般活动在墙点击的数字被反映，也就是说在蝗虫和一个小竞技场的垂直的墙之间的接触的数字。用这个单个参数，我们能确定在美女的全部的活动和成年人的差别饲养隔离(独居)，重新聚集尾部、饲养人群(群居)在不同条件下面的蝗虫。而且，我们证明在在三不同adipokinetic荷尔蒙的注射以后的5thinstar美女的活动有分裂期间和intra阶段依赖者差别。

简介：Thedot-immunobindingassaywasappliedtoinvestigatethecharacteristicsofchickeneggyolkantibodies.Thismethodofassaywasprovedtobearapidandsimplemethodtodemonstrateandcharacterizetheegg-yolkantibodyIgYincomparisonwiththetraditionalELISAassay.ByusingtheBandScansoftware,thegrayscalevalueofdotsandthebackgroundcouldbedetermined.Accordingtotheintensityofdots(grayscalevalue)comparedtothestandardsampleof10μg,howmuchIgYremainedcanbedeterminedinashortertime.

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简介：嗅觉的ensheathing房间(OEC)是有axonal的glial房间的一种唯一的类型支持生长的性质。OEC移植作为axonal损害和demyelinating疾病的有希望的试验性的治疗出现了。然而，OEC的一些基本细胞的性质仍然保持不清楚。在这研究，我们发现不同OEC候补选手人口基于单个孤立的房间的微速摄影的成像展出了不同迁移的性质，可能由于他们的不同细胞骨架组织。而且，OEC潜水艇人口在单个房间的迁居试金显示了不同吸引人的迁移的回答到lysophosphatidic酸(LPA)的一个坡度。最后，我们发现了人口自发地转变了成对方的那个OEC代用品。一起，这些结果示威，第一次到我们的知识，不同OEC潜水艇人口显示不同迁移的性质试管内并且提供新证据当一个单个房间与韧性的功能的显型打字，支持OEC的观点。

简介：Afterprimaryanalysesontheserumglycocon-jugatesoflungcancerandnormalindividulusingtheenzyme-linkedlectinassay(ELLA)with12kindsoflectins,PHAandLCAwereselectedtofurtherstudyintheseraof8kindsofcancers,4kindsofnon-malignantdiseaseand1kindofpostoperativecancer.Itwasfoundthatthetestvaluesof7kindsofcancerswithPHAorLCAweresignificantlyhigherthanthatofthenormal(P<0.01);thevaluesof4kindsofnon-malignantdiseaseswithPHAwerenothigher(P>0.05);thevaluesofthepostoperativecancerwithPHAwereobviouslylowerthanthatofthepreoperative(P<0.05).TheresultsshowedthattheserumglycoconjugateswhichcanbindtoPHAseemedrelatedtothecancerousexistenceinhumanbodies.Thesignificanceofthefindingswasdiscussed.

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简介：Abstract:TheP24antigentest,HIVRNAPCRtest,HIVisolation/cultureandfourth-generationHIVuniformAg/AbassayarebeingutilizedindiagnosingacuteHIVinfectionindifferentlabs.ManyfactorslimittheuseofscreeningforacuteHIVinhigh-riskpopulations,inblooddonorsandduringvoluntaryHIVtesting,including,cost,technique,sensitivityandspecificity.InthisreviewweexploreanewNAATmethodwhichinvolvesHIVRNART-PCRonpooledsamples.Thistechniqueisabletoscreenforacuteinfectionsinalargetestingvolumeandmayheusedasascreeningmethodinhigh-riskpopulationsandblooddonors.

简介：Objective:Toobservetheactivityofrepeatedextractsofbonematrixandtheproductionofpurifiedbonemorphogeneticproteins(BMPs).Methods:BMPswereextracted1-4timesfromfreshbovinecorticalbonebythemodifiedUrist'smethod,witheachcollectedprecipitateseparatedandlyophilizedaspartiallypurifiedBMPs.Anotherfreshbovinebonewasextractedthreetimesandtheprecipitatesweremixedandlyophilized.Meanwhile,thealkalinephosphatase(ALP)activitywasmeasuredbyaninvitroassayemployingculturedC2C12mousemyoblastcellsthroughtheosteoinductivityofbovineBMPsextractedfourtimesatdays1,4,7,and14,andthecorrelationbetweenBMPsquantitiesandcostingduringextractionprocesseswasanalyzed.Results:Thepurifiedandthecostshowedapositivecorrelation(r=0.969).ToseparateandlyophilizeeachcollectedprecipitateaspartiallypurifiedBMPsraisedthecost,andmixedprecipitatesalsocostmuch.ALPactivitiesof1standmixedextractionsofBMPswereshowntobehighlyosteoinductiveandkeepasignificantlyhighlevel(P<0.05-0.01)4daysafterculturingcomparedwiththe2nd,3rdand4thextractions,especiallythecontrolgroup.However,themoretimestheextractionwsdone,thelessactivityofBMPswasshownandmorecostingwas.Thex-rayandhistologicalanalysisalsoshowedthatthe1stextractionofBMPsinducedmoreossiclesandnewboneformation.Conclusions:TheresultsindicatedthatBMPsenhancedtheabilitiesofosteoinductiviytinC2C12cultureinvitro.ThefirstextractionofBMPsfromboneisfitfull,4thextractionsareunnecessaryfortheycostmoreandwastemoretime,saynothingofmixedextractions.

简介：Inthisstudy,themainfactorsinfluencingthemeasurementsbymeansoftheoff-linelow-field1HNMRinthelabwerediscussedbaseonarobustcalibrationmodelestablishedbythePLSalgorithmusing255crudeoilsamples.Thepreheatingtemperaturehadagreatinfluenceontheviscosityofoilsamplesandtheresolutionofspectralanalysis.Therepeatabilityofspectralmeasurementswasimpactedbythemetalandwaxcontentoftheoilsamples.Forthecaseofhighwaxcontentoils,thewaxspeciesbegantocrystallizeinthecourseofdeterminationthatcouldaffecttherepeatabilityofspectralmeasurements.ThesefactorshaveevidencedwhythepreheatingdevicesandfilterunitarenecessarywhenlowfieldNMRsystemisusedintheonlineanalysisprocess.Theinvestigationisveryimportantfortheon-lineapplicationofthelowfieldNMR.

简介：AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still causing a wide range of infections and deaths due to the high variability of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, it is necessary to establish a reliable and convenient pseudovirus-based neutralization assay to develop drug targeted variants of SARS-CoV-2. Based on the HIV-1 backbone, we generated a high titer luciferase (Luc)-expressing pseudovirus packaging system. Three dominant S mutant substitution pseudovirus were also established and identified compared to wide type in hACE2-overexpressing HEK-293T cells (293T-ACE2 cells). Compared to serine protease inhibitor camostat mesylate, the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64d could significantly block all SARS-CoV-2 mutant S pseudovirus infection in 293T-ACE2 cells. Furthermore, the neutralization ability of two antibodies targeted receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) was evaluated, which showed different inhibition dose-effect curves among four types of S pseudovirus. Overall, we developed a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2, which would be readily adapted to SARS-CoV-2 variants for evaluating antibodies.

简介：Heavyionirradiationattractalargeinterestfortwoapplications:radiotherapyandspaceradiationprotectioninmannedspacemissions.ExposuretoheavyionsradiationresultsinmultipleeffectsthroughDNAdamageinduction.Single-cellgelelectrophoresisorcometassayisknownforitsabilitytodetectDNAdamageatthesinglecelllevelandhasbeenusedforyearstoassessDNAdamage.ItcandetectlowlevelsofDNAstrandbreaksinashorttime,justusingafewsamplecells.DNAdoublestrandbreaks(DSBs)aremeasuredattheneutralcometassaycondition;underthealkalinecometassayconditionbothDNAsinglestrandbreaks(SSBs)andpartDSBsaredetected.Thetwodimensionalcometassayisamodificationofthetwooriginalcometassay,cansimultaneouslydetectDNASSBsandDSBsinthesamehumanspermatozoa.

简介：AbstractBackground:Infectious disease diagnostics often requires sensitive molecular assays that identify at both genus and species levels. For large scale screening, such as malaria screening for elimination, diagnostic assay can be a challenge, as both the throughput and cost of the assay must be considered. The requirement of nucleic acid extraction hampers the throughput of most molecular assays. Co-amplification of multiple species or multiplex identification either can result in missed diagnosis or are too costly for large-scale screening. A genus-and species-specific diagnostic assay with simplified procedure, high sensitivity and throughput is still needed. This study aimed to develop a sensitive and high-throughput approach for large-scale infectious disease screening.Methods:We developed multi-section Capture and Ligation Probe PCR (mCLIP-PCR) for the direct detection of RNA without extraction and reverse transcription. Multiple tailed sandwich hybridization probes were used to bind at genus-and species-specific sections of the target RNA to cooperatively capture the target onto a 96-well plate. After enzymatic ligation of the bound probes, a single-stranded DNA formed at each section with distinct tail sequence at the ends. They were separately PCR-amplified with primers corresponding to tail sequences for genus or species identification. We applied the method to the active screening of Plasmodium infections of 4,580 asymptomatic dried blood spot samples collected in malaria endemic areas and compared the results with standard qPCR using linear regression.Results:With multi-section cooperative capture but separate amplification strategy, we accurately identified genus Plasmodium and species P. falciparum and P. vivax without RNA extraction, with favorable sensitivities among the published reports. In the active screening, our method identified all 53 positive infections including two mixed infections, and two P. vivax infections that were missed by standard qPCR.Conclusions:mCLIP-PCR provides a sensitive and high-throughput approach to large-scale infectious disease screening with low cost and labor, making it a valuable tool for malaria elimination in endemic region.

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