简介：AbstractBackground:Chromosomal abnormalities are important causes of ventriculomegaly (VM). In mild and isolated cases of fetal VM, obstetricians rarely give clear indications for pregnancy termination. We aimed to calculate the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and incremental yield of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) in VM, providing more information on genetic counseling and prognostic evaluation for fetuses with VM.Methods:The Chinese language databases Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Biomedical Literature Database (from January 1, 1991 to April 29, 2020) and English language databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library (from January 1, 1945 to April 29, 2020) were systematically searched for articles on fetal VM. Diagnostic criteria were based on ultrasonographic or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of lateral ventricular atrium width: ≥10 to <15 mm for mild VM, and ≥15 mm for severe VM. Isolated VM was defined by the absence of structural abnormalities other than VM detected by ultrasonography or MRI. R software was used for the meta-analysis to determine the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and incremental yield of CMA in VM, and the combined rate and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Results:Twenty-three articles involving 1635 patients were included. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in VM was 9% (95% CI: 5%-12%) and incremental yield of CMA in VM was 11% (95% CI: 7%-16%). The incidences of chromosomal abnormalities in mild, severe, isolated, and non-isolated VM were 9% (95% CI: 4%-16%), 5% (95% CI: 1%-11%), 3% (95% CI: 1%-6%), and 13% (95% CI: 4%-25%), respectively.Conclusions:Applying CMA in VM improved the detection rate of abnormalities. When VM is confirmed by ultrasound or MRI, obstetricians should recommend fetal karyotype analysis to exclude chromosomal abnormalities. Moreover, CMA should be recommended preferentially in pregnant women with fetal VM who are undergoing invasive prenatal diagnosis. CMA cannot completely replace chromosome karyotype analysis.

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简介：AbstractImportance:Staphylococcus lugdunensis (S. lugdunensis) is a coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS), found commonly as skin flora in humans. While most species of CoNS are clinically benign, S. lugdunensis can exhibit a similar virulence to that of S. aureus. However, there is scant data concerning S. lugdunensis infection in the pediatric population.Objective:To ascertain local S. lugdunensis infection rates and sensitivity patterns in the pediatric population.Methods:A retrospective analysis was undertaken of all S. lugdunensis isolates across a 6-year period from 2015 to 2020. Data were collected from electronic patient notes and laboratory records. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and time of flight mass spectrometry were used to identify isolates.Results:Ninety-six isolates of S. lugdunensis were identified from 86 patients. Of these, 34 isolates were treated as an infection. Twenty-three (67.6%) were found to have skin as the primary source of infection. While the observed number was small, central nervous system (CNS) sources of S. lugdunensis infection appear to be a significant source: all three isolates cultured from cerebrospinal fluid were clinically managed as infection. All three were associated with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infection. No cases of S. lugdunensis infective endocarditis were identified. About 18.6% of S. lugdunensis isolates were resistant to flucloxacillin.Interpretation:S. lugdunensis is an uncommon but significant cause of infection in the pediatric population and appears to be a rising cause of CNS infection, particularly when associated with VP shunts. Flucloxacillin is recommended locally as the first choice of antibiotic.

简介：AbstractCardiotocography measures the human fetal heart rate and uterine activity using ultrasound. While it has been a mainstay in antepartum care since the 1960s, cardiotocograms consist of complex signals that have proven difficult for clinicians to interpret accurately and as such clinical inference is often difficult and unreliable. Previous attempts at codifying approaches to analyzing the features within these signals have failed to demonstrate reliability or gain sufficient traction. Since the early 1990s, the Dawes-Redman system of automated computer analysis of cardiotocography signals has enabled robust analysis of cardiotocographic signal features, employing empirically-derived criteria for assessing fetal wellbeing in the antepartum. Over the past 30 years, the Dawes-Redman system has been iteratively updated, now incorporating analyses from over 100,000 pregnancies. In this review, we examine the history of cardiotocography, signal processing methodologies and feature identification, the development of the Dawes-Redman system, and its clinical applications.

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简介：[摘要]近百年来，由于人类大量消耗能源，致使全球生态环境恶化现象日益严重，各国开始重视这些问题并寻求可持续发展之道。建筑产业属于高污染行业，建筑的建造、使用以及后期拆除过程中均产生大量污染物。越来越多的建筑师开始研究自然建筑，并付之实践。本文浅要概述了自然建筑的发展历程及其建造常用材料和工法，总结归纳了国内外自然建筑的发展现状。期望从国外及台湾地区的自然建筑实践吸取经验，对实际项目中的建筑设计有所启发。

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简介：摘要：声音是电影表现技巧中的一种有力方法，因为它能使我们通过荧幕上的图像积极地构造出一种鲜明的感觉模式。《欲望号街车》这部电影应用多种声音技巧成功地刻画了多个人物形象。这篇论文就这一问题从不同方面试以分析欣赏本部电影中主人公的一些声音。

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简介：AbstractObjective:The current study aimed to profile the demographics, hematological index, and extrinsic factors of patients treated for frostbite in a single center in Southwest China.Methods:We collected the clinical data of patients with frostbite admitted to a regional hospital from January 1st, 2009 to January 1st, 2019. The baseline information was summarized, and the causes and hematological indexes of frostbite were analyzed.Results:The study cohort comprised 27 patients. The median patient age was 22 years (range 14-81 years). All frostbite injuries occurred between September 22nd and April 27th. Half of the patients were Tibetans. Cold injuries in Tibetan patients were associated with pilgrimage (70%, 9/13) and grazing (15%, 2/13), while the leading causes of frostbite in Han residents of the Southwest China basin were mandatory fieldwork without protection (36%, 5/14) and loss of consciousness (36%, 5/14). The hematological examination findings did not significantly differ between amputees and those who did not undergo amputation. Several hematological indexes significantly differed between patients with good outcomes versus those with poor outcomes.Conclusion:To avoid severe frostbite damage, routine mandatory activities like pilgrimage should be conducted under proper protection in extreme weather. Hematological indexes such as the red blood cell count, hematocrit, and hemoglobin level should be monitored closely by first-line medical personnel during hospitalization, as these indexes might indicate the outcome of frostbite. Further research is needed to improve the management of patients with frostbite in Southwest China.

简介：AbstractSclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a necrotrophic plant pathogen that causes cottony rot, watery soft rot, stem rot, white mold, and other disease symptoms in over 700 plant hosts around the world. Destruction of economically important crops, the lack of resistant cultivars, and the general challenge of controlling diseases caused by this broad-based pathogen call for continued research. However, in recent years, mass spectrometry-based proteomics analyses have been used to acquire a fundamental and in-depth molecular understanding of this fungal pathogen. In this review, we describe the characteristics of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum pathogen and examine its virulence factors, secreted proteins, and host suppression mechanisms. Furthermore, we review recent proteomics studies and extrapolate their primary findings for the identification and functional characterization of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum proteins. Finally, we discuss key findings that shape the understanding of the virulent factors and pathogenesis of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and outline directions for future proteomic investigations of plant pathogens.

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简介：AbstractPurpose:Secondary displacement represents a frequent complication of conservative treatment of fractures, particularly of the distal radius. The gap space between skin and cast may lead to a certain degree movements and this increased mobility might favor redisplacement. The aim of this study was to develop a new 3D method, to measure the gap space in all 3 geometrical planes, and to validate this new technique in a clinical setting of distal radius fractures.Methods:This study applies 3D imaging to measure the space between plaster and skin as a potential factor of secondary displacement and therefore the failure of conservative treatment. We developed and validated a new methodology to analyze and compare different forearm casts made of plaster of Paris and fiberglass. An unpaired t-test was performed to document differences between the investigated parameters between plaster of Paris and fiberglass casts. The significance level was set at p< 0.05.Results:In a series of 15 cases, we found the width of the gap space to average 4 mm, being slightly inferior on the radial side. Comparing the two different casting materials, plaster of Paris and fiberglass, we found a significantly larger variance of space under casts made of the first material (p=0.39). A roughness analysis showed also a markedly significantly higher irregularity of the undersurface of plaster of Paris as compared with fiberglass.Conclusion:This study allows for a better understanding of the nature of the "gap space" between cast and skin and will contribute to develop and improve new immobilization techniques and materials.