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简介：Thetemperaturebiasesof28CMIP5AGCMsareevaluatedovertheTibetanPlateau（TP）fortheperiod1979–2005.TheresultsdemonstratethatthemajorityofCMIP5modelsunderestimateannualandseasonalmeansurface2-mairtemperatures(Tas)overtheTP.Inaddition,theensembleofthe28AGCMsandhalfoftheindividualmodelsunderestimateannualmeanskintemperatures（Ts）overtheTP.ThecoldbiasesarelargerinTasthaninTs,andarelargeroverthewesternTP.BydecomposingtheTsbiasusingthesurfaceenergybudgetequation,weinvestigatethecontributionstothecoldsurfacetemperaturebiasontheTPfromvariousfactors,includingthesurfacealbedo-inducedbias,surfacecloudradiativeforcing,clear-skyshortwaveradiation,clear-skydownwardlongwaveradiation,surfacesensibleheatflux,latentheatflux,andheatstorage.Theresultsshowasuiteofphysicallyinterlinkedprocessescontributingtothecoldsurfacetemperaturebias.Strongnegativesurfacealbedo-inducedbiasassociatedwithexcessivesnowcoverandthesurfaceheatfluxesarehighlyanticorrelated,andthecancellingoutofthesetwotermsleadstoarelativelyweakcontributiontothecoldbias.Smallersurfaceturbulentfluxesleadtocolderlower-tropospherictemperatureandlowerwatervaporcontent,whichinturncausenegativeclear-skydownwardlongwaveradiationandcoldbias.Theresultssuggestthatimprovementsintheparameterizationoftheareaofsnowcover,aswellastheboundarylayer,andhencesurfaceturbulentfluxes,mayhelptoreducethecoldbiasovertheTPinthemodels.

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简介：Soilisheterogeneousandhasdifferentthermalandhydraulicproperties,causingvariedbehaviorinheatandmoisturetransport.Therefore,soilhasanimportanteffectonland–atmosphereinteractions.Inthisstudy,animprovedsoilparameterizationschemethatconsidersgravelandorganicmatterinthesoilwasintroducedintoCLM4.5(CommunityLandModel).ByusingdatafromtheZoigeandMadoisitesontheTibetanPlateau,theabilityofthemodeltosimultaneouslysimulatethedurationoffreeze–thawperiods,soiltemperature,soilmoisture,andsurfaceenergyduringfreeze–thawprocesses,wasvalidated.Theresultsindicatedthat:(1)thenewparameterizationperformedbetterinsimulatingthedurationofthefrozen,thawing,unfrozen,andfreezingperiods;(2)withthenewscheme,thesoilthermalconductivityvaluesweredecreased;(3)thenewparameterizationimprovedsoiltemperaturesimulationandeffectivelydecreasedcoldbiases;(4)thenewparameterizationschemeeffectivelydecreasedthedrybiasesofsoilliquidwatercontentduringthefreezing,completelyfrozen,andthawingperiods,butincreasedthewetbiasesduringthecompletelythawedperiod;and(5)thenetradiation,latentheatflux,andsoilsurfaceheatfluxoftheZoigeandMadoisitesweremuchimprovedbytheneworganicmatterandthermalconductivityparameterization.

简介：ObjectiveThenearlyparallelN–S-trendingriftsinsouthernTibetrepresenttheE–WextensionoftheTibetPlateau.MostdatawhichconstrainedtheageoftheextensionaldeformationcomefromisotopicdatingofthedikesprobablyrelatedtotheactivityofthenearlyN–Sfaultingandmicasfromhydrothermalactivityandthelowtemperaturethermochronologyofplateauuplift.Previous

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简介：Thereisageneralconsensusthatmostophiolitesformedabovesubductionzones(Pearce,2003),particularlyduringforearcextensionatsubductioninitiation(Shervais,2001;Stern,2004;WhattamandStern,2011).'Supra-Subductionzone'(SSZ)ophiolitessuchasthewell-studiedTethyanophiolites,generallydisplayacharacteristicsequentialevolutionfrommid-oceanicridgebasalts(MORBs)toislandarctholeiities(IATs)orbonites(BONs)(Pearce,2003;DilekandFurnes,2009,2011),whichweregeneratedinsequencefromthedecompressionmeltingofasthenosphericmantleandpartialmeltingofsubduction-metasomatizeddepletedmantle(SternandBloomer,1992;DilekandFurnes,2009;WhattamandStern,2011).However,ophioliteswithMORBand/oroceanic-islandbasalt(OIB)affinitiesarerare,andtheiroriginandtectonicnaturearepoorlyunderstood(Boedoetal.,2013;Saccanietal.,2013).ItisinterestingthatthecompositionoftheseophiolitesfromthecentralTibetanPlateau(CTP)isdominatedbyMORBsandminorOIBsandadistinctlackofIATsandBONs,whichisinconsistentwithmostophiolitesworldwide(RobinsonandZhou,2008;Zhangetal.,2008).Butthegenerationandtectonicnatureoftheseophiolitesarestillcontroversial.*Inthisstudy,wepresentnewgeochronological,mineralogicalandSr-NdisotopicdatafortheChayongandXiewumaficcomplexesinthewesternGarzê-Litangsuturezone(GLS),atypicalPaleo-TethyansuturecrossingtheCTP(Fig.1).TheTriassicophioliteinthewesternGLShasbeendescribedbyLietal.(2009),whofoundthatitmainlyconsistsofgabbros,diabases,pillowbasaltsandafewmetamorphicperidotites.TheophiolitehasbeentectonicallydismemberedandcropsoutinTriassicclasticrocksandlimestonesastectonicblocks.TheChayongandXiewumaficcomplexesaregenerallyregardedasimportantfragmentsoftheTriassicophiolites(e.g.,Jin,2006;Lietal.,2009).ZirconLA-ICP-MSU-Pbagesof234±3Maand236±2MacanbeinterpretedasformationtimesoftheChayongandXiewumaficcomplexes,respectively.Thebasalts

简介：最新发现的Zhunuo斑岩Cu-Mo-Au存款在南部的西藏位于Gangdese斑岩铜带的西方的部分，SW中国。在Zhunuo区域的granitoidplutons由石英闪长岩斑岩，闪长岩斑岩，granodiorite斑岩，黑云母monzogranite和石英斑岩组成。石英闪长岩斑岩产出51.9愠摮戠潩敭楤慣?灡汰捩瑡潩獮戠'坍剶茶?湥'L敬?敲潣湧瑩潩?景愠瑣癩?湡?湩捡楴敶猠敷瑡瀠牯獥漠?畣癲摥猠楫??晲捡獥眠敨敲爠杩摩漠?慰数?祴数猠敷瑡瀠牯?敳獮牯?的锆石U-Pb年龄牡?湩晥敦瑣癩e

简介：Anew3Dvelocitymodelofthecrustanduppermantleinthesoutheastern(SE)marginoftheTibetanplateauwasobtainedbyjointinversionofbody-andsurface-wavedata.Forthebody-wavedata,weused7190eventsrecordedby102stationsintheSEmarginoftheTibetanplateau.Thesurface-wavedataconsistofRayleighwavephasevelocitydispersioncurvesobtainedfromambientnoisecross-correlationanalysisrecordedbyadensearrayintheSEmarginoftheTibetanplateau.ThejointinversionclearlyimprovesthevSmodelbecauseitisconstrainedbybothdatatypes.Theresultsshowthatataround10kmdepththerearetwolow-velocityanomaliesembeddedwithinthreehigh-velocitybodiesalongtheLongmenshanfaultsystem.Thesehigh-velocitybodiescorrespondwellwiththePrecambrianmassifs,andthetwolocatedtothenortheastof2013MS7.0Lushanearthquakeareassociatedwithhighfaultslipareasduringthe2008Wenchuanearthquake.Theaftershockgapbetween2013Lushanearthquakeand2008Wenchuanearthquakeisassociatedwithlow-velocityanomalies,whichalsoactsasabarrierzoneforrupturesoftwoearthquakes.Generallylargeearthquakes(M≥5)intheregionoccurringfrom2008to2015arelocatedaroundthehigh-velocityzones,indicatingthattheymayactasasperitiesfortheselargeearthquakes.Jointinversionresultsalsoclearlyshowthatthereexistlow-velocityorweakzonesinthemid-lowercrust,whicharenotevenlydistributedbeneaththeSEmarginofTibetanplateau.