简介:Inthispaper,weproposeaprotocoltodeterministicallyteleportanunknownmixedstateofqubitbyutilizingamaximallybipartiteentangledstateofqubitsasquantumchannel.Ifanon-maximallyentangledbipartitepurestateisemployedasquantumchannel,theunknownmixedquantumstateofqubitcanbeteleportedwith1-(1-C~2)~(1/2)probability,whereCistheconcurrenceofthequantumchannel.Theprotocolcanalsobegeneralizedtoteleportamixedstateofquditoramultipartitemixedstate.Moreimportantpurposeisthat,onthebasisoftheprotocol,theteleportationofanarbitrarymultipartite(pureormixed)quantumstatecanbedecomposedintotheteleportationofeachsubsystembyemployingseparateentangledstatesasquantumchannels.Inthecaseofdeterministicteleportation,Bobonlyneedstoperformunitarytransformationsonhissingleparticlesinordertorecovertheinitialteleportedmultipartitequantumstate.
简介:Theyearof1996wasnotbadatallfortheUnitedStates.Itseconomywentsmoothly,thePresidentandtheRepublicanpartybothgotwhattheywantedintheelections,andthecountrydidnotsufferanymajorforeignpolicycrisis.Theyearof1997maybesomewhatdifferent.Mosteconomistsforeseethatthisyear,theseventhyearofeconomicgrowthfortheU.S.sincetherecoveryin1991,wouldbeanothermoderateyearforthe
简介:TheinterannualvariabilityoftheAtlantictropicalcyclone(TC)frequencyiswellknown.Separately,recentstudieshavealsosuggestedthatamuchlonger,multidecadal(40-60year)trendmightbeemergingfromtherecentincreaseinAtlanticTCactivity.However,theoverallstructureoftheintrinsicfrequencies(ortemporalmodes)ofAtlanticTCactivityisnotyetknown.ThefocusofthisstudyistosystematicallyanalyzetheintrinsicfrequenciesofAtlanticTCactivityusinghurricaneandtropicalstormlandfalldatacollectedalongthesoutheastcoast(SEC)oftheUnitedStates.BasedonanEmpiricalModeDecomposition(EMD)analysisofthefrequencyoflandfallTCsalongtheSECfrom1887-1999,wehavefoundthatAtlanticTCactivityhasfourprimary,temporalmodes.Theinterannualandmultidecadalmodesreportedinthepublishedliteraturearetwosuchmodes.Afteridentifyingallprimarymodes,therelativeimportanceofeachmodeanditsphysicalcausecanbeanalyzed.Forexample,themostenergeticmodeistheinterannualmode(2-7yearperiod).Thismodeisknowntobeassociatedwiththe2-7yearElNino/LaNinacycle.TheaveragenumberofannuallandfallingTCsalongtheSECdecreasedby24%duringElNinoyears,butdidnotshowsignificantincreaseduringweakandmoderateLaNinayears.However,intenseLaNinayearsweregenerallyassociatedwithmorethanaveragelandfallingTCsalongtheSEC.TheeffectsofElNinoandLaNinaalsobecamemoresignificantwhenonlyhurricaneswereconsidered.ThesignificanceoftheeffectsofElNinoandLaNinaonlandfallingTCsandhurricanesindifferentUSsoutheastcoastalstatesshowedsignificantdifferences.
简介:1.TheState:GeneralConsiderationsScholarshavelongbeinginterestedinthestateandtherunningofit.Amongthem,therewerephilosophers,historians,sociologistsandanthropologists.WemaygoasfarbackastoConfuciusandLaoTze,ortotheGreekphilosophersPlatoandAristotle1,andifwewanttostayclosertoourtime,wecanmentiontheItalianpoliticalscientistMachiavelli,whowroteinthe16thcenturyIlPrincipe(ThePrince),
简介:Weshowhowquantumentangledbiphotonstatescanbeusedtorealizeghostscattering,anonlocalschemetoobtainscatteringinformationofanunknownobjectthroughthecorrelationmeasurementofthescatteringphotonsintwodifferentopticalpaths.WepresentaframeworktodescribethebiphotonghostscatteringprocessfromtheT-matrixformulaofthescatteringtheory.Wefindthescatteringinformationofatestobjectcanberetrievedfromeitherthetestarmorthereferencearm.Byadjustingthebiphotonstates,theghostscatteringpatternsmaybevariedfromthescatteringpatternoftheobjectinthetestarmtotheobjectinthereferencearm.
简介:FactorsaffectingtheU.S.Refractoriesindustry,suchusdecreasingdemand,mergers,anddecreasededucationarediscussed,alongwithmanufacturingstatistics(I.E.,annualvalueandproducttrends),indicatingthattheU.S.Markethasdeclinedforfivestraightyears.Researchactivitieshavechanged,withmoreemphasisonpractical,appliedprojects,whichhavecontinuedtoproduceimportantadvances.Manychallengesandopportunitiesremain,basedonthecurrentandfuturebusinessrequirements.