简介：Thisstudywasundertakentohaveabetterunderstandfortheprocessandtheunderlyingmechanismstolimitmacrophageactivationandpopulationofactivatedmacrophages.AcomprehensivekineticsofcytokineproductionwasperformedinmurineperitonealmacrophagesrecoveredfromBalb/cmiceatvarioustimeduringthecourseofanintraperitonealinjectionwiththioglycollate(TG).TheexpressionofcellsurfacemoleculessuchasMHC-Ⅰ,MHC-Ⅱ,B7-1andB7-2ofthesemacrophageswerealsodeterminedbyflowcytometry.Thepresentfindingsofourresearchsuggestedthatthepopulationofactivatedmacrophagesandtheactivationofmacrophages(includingcytokinesproductionandexpressionofcellsurfacefunctionalmolecules)werestrictlycontrolledduringinflammationprocess.Thisisoneoftheimportantmechanismstoretainthehosthomeostasis.Cellular&MolecularImmunology.2004;1(1):57-62.

简介：LargeconductanceCa~(2+)-activatedK~+(BK_(Ca))channelexhibitsaphenotype-dependentexpressiononvascularsmoothmusclecells(VSMCs),whichpreferstocontractilephenotype.Meanwhile,shearstressdefinitelyinfluencesVSMCsproliferationandcontraction.Thereby,ahypothesiswasraised,wouldshearstresschangetheBK_(Ca)expressionandcorrelatewithVSMCphenotype?Inordertoinvestigateit,VSMCswereexposedtoshearstressinaparallel-plateflowchamberwith12dynes/cm~2for12h.Subsequently,theeffectofshearstressonVSMCproliferation,BK_(Ca)channelexpressionandcontractilephenotypemarker,α-smoothmusclecellactin(α-SMA)andsmoothmusclemyosinheavychain(SMMHC),wasdeterminedbyimmunofluorescencemicroscopy,flowcytometeryaswellasreversetranscriptionpolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR),respectively.DatashowthatshearstressenhancedtheexpressionofBK_(Ca)channelwhileinhibitingVSMCproliferation.Paralleledtothosephenomena,theexpressionofbothα-SMAandSM-MHCweredecreasedsignificantly.TheseresultsdemonstratedthatupregulationofBK_(Ca)channelwasirrelevanttothemaintenanceVSMCofcontractilephenotypeundershearstress.ThisfindingprovidesanewinsightintounderstandingthecorrelationofBK_(Ca)channelandVSMCphenotype.

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简介：AIM:Toclarifythecorrelationwithphenotypicexpression,clinicopathologicalfeatures,geneticalterationandmicrosatellite-instabilitystatusinsmallintestinaladenocarcinoma(SIA).METHODS:Thecasesof47patientsdiagnosedwithprimarySIAsthatweresurgicallyresectedatourinstitutionin1975-2005werestudied.Wereviewedclinicopathologicalfindings(age,gender,tumorsize,grossappearance,histologicalmorphologictype,invasiondepth,lymphaticpermeation,venousinvasion,andlymphnodemetastasis),andtheimmunohistochemicalexpressionofMUC5AC,MUC6,MUC2,CD10,andmismatch-repair(MMR)proteins(MLH1andMSH2).WeanalyzedKRASandBRAFgenemutations,andthemicrosatelliteinstability(MSI)status.TheimmunohistochemicalstainingofCD10,MUC2,MUC5ACandMUC6wasconsideredpositivewhendistinctstainingin>5%oftheadenocarcinomacellswasrecorded.ToevaluateofMMRproteinexpression,weusedadjacentnormaltissueincludinglymphoidfollicles,inflammatorycells,andstromalcellsasaninternalpositivecontrol.SectionswithoutnuclearstaininginthetumorcellswereconsideredtohavelosttheexpressionoftherespectiveMMRprotein.RESULTS:Therewere29malesand18femalespatients(meanage59.9years,range:23-87years).Tumorswerelocatedintheduodenumin14cases(30%),thejejunumin21cases(45%),andtheileumin12cases(25%).Aphenotypicexpressionanalysisrevealed20MUC2-positivetumors(42.6%),11MUC5AC-positive(23.4%),4MUC6-positive(8.5%),and7CD10-positive(14.9%).ThetumorsizesoftheMUC2(+)tumorsweresignificantlylargerthanthoseoftheMUC2(-)tumors(mean,5.7±1.4cmvs4.7±2.1cm,P<0.05).AllthreetumorswithadenomatouscomponentwerepositiveforMUC2(P<0.05).PolypoidappearancewasseensignificantlymorefrequentlyintheCD10(+)groupthanintheCD10(-)group(P<0.05).ThetumorsizewassignificantlylargerintheCD10(+)groupthanintheCD10(-)group(mean,5.9±1.4cmvs5.0±2.1cm,P<0.05).Of34SIAswithsuccessfullyobtainedMSIdata,4wereMSI-high.O

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简介：Themajorstoragesubstanceinriceendospermisstarch,whichaccountsfor80%ofdrymatterweight.Inthisstudy,ricemutantflo7,selectedfromtheprogenyofNipponbare’stissueculture,displayedflouryandopaqueendosperm.Comparedwithitscorrespondingwildtype(WT)Nipponbare,themutantflo7producedlonger,narrower,thinnerandlightergrains.Thelevelsofglucose,fructoseandsucroseinthemutantflo7endospermwerehigherthanthoseintheWTendosperm,whereastheproteincontentwasnotaffected.Withrespecttobothamylosecontentandgelconsistency,themutantflo7waslowerthanWT,butitsalkalivaluewashigher.Scanningelectronmicroscopicexaminationsshowedthattheendospermofthemutantflo7containedirregular,looselypackedandcompoundstarchgranules.Geneticanalysisindicatedthatthemutantphenotypewasdeterminedbyasinglerecessivenucleargene.Theflo7locuswasmappedtoaregiononthelongarmofchromosome12,withina95.1kbintervaldefinedbythemarkersC2-11andC5-15.Thereare13openreadingframesinthemappinginterval.Transcriptionprofilingofthedevelopinggrainsshowedthatanumberofgenesinvolvedinstarchsynthesiswereaffecteddifferentlyinthemutantflo7.

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简介：Theaccumulationofpigmentsaffectsthecolorofricehullswhileonlylimitedinformationisknownaboutitsunderlyingmechanisms.Inthepresentstudy,aricebrownhull6（bh6）mutantwasisolatedfromanethanemethylsulfonate（EMS）-inducedIR64mutantbank.Brownpigmentsstartedtoaccumulateinbh6ricehullsafterheadingandreachedahigherlevelinmatureseeds.Somemajoragronomictraitsincludingpaniclelengthand1000-grainweightinbh6weresignificantlylowerthanthoseinitscorrespondingwildtypeIR64,whileotheragronomictraitssuchasplantheight,growthdurationandseed-settingratewerelargelysimilarbetweenthetwogenotypes.Theanalysisofpigmentcontentshowedthatthecontentsoftotalflavonoidsandanthocyanininbh6hullsweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseinIR64hulls.Ourresultsshowedthatthebrownhullphenotypeinbh6wascontrolledbyasinglerecessivegenewhichlocatesonthelongarmofchromosome9.Sequencinganalysisdetectedasinglebasesubstitution（G/A）atposition1013ofthecandidategene（LOCOs09g12150）encodinganF-boxdomain-containingprotein（FBX310）.Functionalcomplementationexperimentusingthewildtypeallelecanrescuethephenotypeinbh6.Thus,wenamedthismutatedgeneasOsFBX310bh6,analleleofOsFBX310functioningasaninhibitorofbrownhull.TheisolationofOsFBX310bh6anditswildtypeallelecanprovideusefulexperimentalmaterialsandwillfacilitatethestudiesonrevealingthemechanismsofflavonoidmetabolisminmonocotplants.

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简介：thermo感觉迟钝的苍白的绿叶异种(pgl2)从T-DNA被孤立米饭的插入的转基因的线(OryzasativaL。subsp。装饰用的梨树cv。Nipponbare)。基因分析显示显型被一个后退的变化在单个原子编码基因引起。印射PGL2基因，一张F2人口被与Longtefu穿过异种构造(OryzasativaL。subsp。indica)。PGL2地点粗略地在染色体8上被连接到SSR标记RM331。细微地印射基因，14个新InDel标记在标记，和PGL2附近被开发进一步被印射到2.37Mbcentromeric区域。叶子的叶绿素内容上的分析证明在全部的叶绿素(Chl)异种和野类型之间没有明显的差别当在异种的Chla/Chlb的比率仅仅是大约1时，满足，它在野类型是比那显然低的，建议PGL2基因与在Chl之间的变换有关是andChlb。而且，在centromeric区域附近的教材设计的方法被讨论，它将提供卓见进在工厂着丝点的功能的基因的好印射。

简介：AIMHumanglutathioneS-transferaseA1(GSTA1)isanimportantphaseⅡmetabolizingenzymeinvolvedinthemetabolismofmanytherapeuticdrugsandisresponsibleforthemetabolicdetoxificationofnumerouspromutagensandprocarcinogens.ThegeneticpolymorphismofGSTA1hasimportantimplicationsfordrugefficacyandcancersusceptibility.Inthisstudy,wedeterminedthedistributionofGSTA1geneticpolymorphisminMainlandChinese.Andwealsoinvestigatedwhetherthereexiststhepotentialphenotypealterationscausedbythegeneticpolymorphisminhuman.METHODSGenomicDNAwasex-tractedfromperipheralbloodof140Chinesepeopleand16livertissuesobtainedfromnon-liverishpatientswhounderwentpartialhepatectomy.AndthenthegenotypesofhumanGSTA1genewereanalyzedbypolymerasechainreaction-restrictedfragmentlengthpolymorphism(PCR-RFLP).

简介：Objective:Fusogenicendogenousretroviralsyncytinplaysanimportantroleintheformationofsyncytiotrophoblastsinhumanplacenta.Apartfromitsexpressioninplacenta,brainandtestis,syncytinhasalsobeenfoundinmanycancers.Althoughsyncytinhasbeenproposedtoserveasapositiveprognosticmarkerinsomecancers,theunderlyingmechanismisunclear.Theaimofthisstudyistoevaluatetheeffectsofsyncytinexpressionontheinvasivephenotypeofmelanomacells.Methods:Theeukaryoticexpressionplasmidforsyncytin-EGFPwasconstructedandtransfectedintoB16F10melanomacells.TheeffectofsyncytinontheinvasionpotentialoftumorcellswasevaluatedinB16F10sublinecellsthatstablyexpressedsyncytin-EGFPfusionproteinorEGFPalone.Results:TheB16F10sublinesthatstablyexpressedsyncytin-EGFPorEGFPalonewereestablishedrespectivelyandconfirmedbyimmunofluorescentandimmunoblottingassay.SyncytinexpressioninB16F10cellswasassociatedwithdecreasedcellproliferation,migrationandinvasion.Multinucleatedgiantcellsthatcontainedasmanyasfivenucleiwereinducedinsyncytin-expressingcells.Inaddition,syncytinexpressiondidnotalterthesensitivityofB16F10cellstotrichosanthin,atoxinthatdamagessyncytiotrophoblastsmoreefficientlythanothertissues.Conclusions:Theseresultssuggestthatsyncytinexpressioninsomecancersmayconfinetheirinvasionpotentialandthusserveasapositiveprognosticfactor.更多还原

简介：前列腺癌症(PCa)是年龄相关的疾病，并且stromal微型环境在prostatic起一个重要作用恶意的前进。然而，在在年轻、旧的织物在场的前列腺stromal房间的差别仍然是阴暗的。我们从改变年龄的施主的正常prostatic外设地区(PZ)建立了主要有教养的stromal房间并且从旧施主发现那有教养的stromal房间(PZ旧)更多被扩大并且比那些多角形从年轻施主(PZ年轻)。基于immunocytochemical和ultrastructural分析，而且，stromal房间的部件与增加施主年龄从成纤维细胞的一个多数改变了到成纤维细胞和myofibroblasts的混合物。用一在vitro文化系统三维，我们发现PZ旧的stromal房间能提高cocultured的增长，迁居和侵略良性的BPH-1和PC-3房间。用一在里面vivo织物再结合系统，我们也发现PZ旧的stromal房间是比在由高经过的BPH-1房间支持瘤形成的PZ年轻的房间更有效的(>；100)并且PC-3房间。到这些的可能的机制完成的探查，我们执行了cDNAmicroarray分析并且在PZ旧的房间介绍了509upregulated基因和188downregulated基因。在改变的基因之中，我们发现了基因为能够影响邻近的上皮的房间的paracrine因素的一个子集编码；这些包括hepatocyte生长因素(HGF)，成纤维细胞生长因素5(FGF5)，像胰岛素的生长因素2(IGF2)，像胰岛素的生长因素绑定蛋白质4(IGFBP4)，IGFBP5和矩阵metallopeptidase1(MMP1)。在这些基因的表示的变化被量的即时聚合酶链反应(PCR)进一步证实，西方的弄污和连接酶的immunosorbent试金。总的来说，我们的调查结果显示从旧施主的前列腺PZ的stromal房间是比从在支持邻近的上皮的房间的恶意的过程的年轻施主的类似的房间更活跃的。在为PCa的预防的新潜在的策略的这发现提示。

简介：在CD4系抄写因素ThPok和CD8系抄写因素之间的相互影响，老牛相关的抄写因素3(Runx3)，在T房间，开发广泛地被记录了。然而，很少在不变的自然漂亮T(iNKT)房间开发对这些抄写因素的角色被知道。限制CD1d的iNKT房间承诺CD4+CD8−和CD4−CD8−sublineages，它对抗原刺激作出回应与快速并且T助手(Th)的有势力版本1并且Th2cytokines。然而，以前的报告在ThPok缺乏的老鼠表明了CD8+NKT房间的一张新人口。在当前的学习，我们寻求了决定Runx3是否当ThPok不在时涉及CD8的重新表示和iNKT房间的功能。我们使用了缺乏Runx3，ThPok或两个的老鼠并且证实Runx3为在ThPok猛烈老鼠的CD8+iNKT房间的外观部分负责。另外，Runx3参予了有免疫力的反应在α的一个模型由iNKT房间调停了；-galactosylceramide-induced尖锐肝炎。这些结果显示Runx3为在ThPok缺乏的iNKT房间观察的phenotypic和功能的变化是关键的。

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