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简介：TheVRDSfeedstockprocessedinrefineriesalongtheYangtzeRiverhasspecialcharacteristics,includinghighFeandCacontent,andlowsulfurandhighnitrogencontent.Dependinguponfeedstockpropertiesandoperatingconditions,someapproacheshavebeendevelopedbytheSINOPECResearchInstituteofPetroleumProcessing(RIPP),whichincludeinstallingthedecalcificationfacility,developingnewguardcatalystsandHDCCRcatalysts,implementinganewcatalystgradingapproach,developingahighlyefficientdistributiontechnologyandapplyingRICPprocessinsomerefineries.Theapplicationeffectshaverevealedthattheintegratedtechnology,whichcanbeconducivetothelong-cycleoperationdevelopedbyRIPP,canmaximizethedepositsuptakecapacityoftheguardreactorandtheactivityofgradingcatalysts.

简介：Ginkgolicacids(GAs),primarilyfoundintheleaves,nuts,andtestaofginkgobiloba,havebeenidentifiedwithsuspectedallergenic,genotoxicandcytotoxicproperties.However,littleinformationisavailableaboutGAstoxicityinkidneysandtheunderlyingmechanismhasnotbeenthoroughlyelucidatedsofar.InsteadofGAsextract,therenalcytotoxicityofGA(15:1),whichwasisolatedfromthetestaofGinkgobiloba,wasassessedinvitrobyusingMDCKcells.TheactionofGA(15:1)oncellviabilitywasevaluatedbytheMTTandneutralreduptakeassays.Comparedwiththecontrol,thecytotoxicityofGA(15:1)onMDCKcellsdisplayedatime-anddose-dependentmanner,suggestingthecellsmitochondriaandlysosomesweredamaged.ItwasconfirmedthatGA(15:1)resultedinthelossofcellsmitochondrialtrans-membranepotential(ΔΨm).Inpropidiumiodide(PI)staininganalysis,GA(15:1)inducedcellcyclearrestattheG0/G1andG2/Mphases,influencingontheDNAsynthesisandcellmitosis.CharacteristicsofnecroticcelldeathwereobservedinMDCKcellsattheexperimentalconditions,asaresultofDNAagarosegelelectrophoresisandmorphologicalobservationofMDCKcells.Inconclusion,thesefindingsmightprovideusefulinformationforabetterunderstandingoftheGA(15:1)inducedrenaltoxicity.

简介：Background:Replacementoffossilfuelbasedenergywithbiochar-basedbioenergyproductioncanhelpreducegreenhousegasemissionswhilemitigatingtheadverseimpactsofclimatechangeandglobalwarming.However,theproductionofbiochar-basedbioenergydependsonasustainablesupplyofbiomass.Although,NorthwesternOntariohasarichandsustainablesupplyofwoodybiomass,acomprehensivelifecyclecostandeconomicassessmentofbiochar-basedbioenergyproductiontechnologyhasnotbeendonesofarintheregion.Methods:Inthispaper,weconductedathoroughlifecyclecostassessment(LCCA)ofbiochar-basedbioenergyproductionanditslandapplicationunderfourdifferentscenarios:1)biocharproductionwithlowfeedstockavailability;2)biocharproductionwithhighfeedstockavailability;3)biocharproductionwithlowfeedstockavailabilityanditslandapplication;and4)biocharproductionwithhighfeedstockavailabilityanditslandapplication-usingSimaPro~,EIOLCA~softwareandspreadsheetmodeling.BasedontheLCCAresults,wefurtherconductedaneconomicassessmentforthebreak-evenandviabilityofthistechnologyovertheprojectperiod.Results:Itwasfoundthattheeconomicviabilityofbiochar-basedbioenergyproductionsystemwithinthelifecycleanalysissystemboundarybasedonstudyassumptionsisdirectlydependentoncostsofpyrolysis,feedstockprocessing(drying,grindingandpelletization)andcollectiononsiteandthevalueoftotalcarbonoffsetprovidedbythesystem.SensitivityanalysisoftransportationdistanceanddifferentvaluesofCoffsetshowedthatthesystemisprofitableincaseofhighbiomassavailabilitywithin200kmandwhenthecostofcarbonsequestrationexceedsCAD$60pertonneofequivalentcarbon(CO_2e).Conclusions:Biochar-basedbioenergysystemiseconomicallyviablewhenlifecyclecostsandenvironmentalassumptionsareaccountedfor.Thisstudyprovidesamediumscaleslow-pyrolysisplantscenarioandwerecommendsimilarexperimentswithlarge-scale

简介：TheEarth’ssustainabledevelopmentisthreatenedbytheincreasingatmosphericCO2levelwhichcanbeattributedtotheimbalanceofCO2duetotherapidconsumptionoffossilfuelscausedbyhumanactivitiesandtheslowabsorptionandconversionofCO2bynature.OneoftheefficientmethodsforreconstructingthebalanceofCO2shouldinvolvetherapidconversionofCO2intofuelsandchemicals.ThehydrogenationofCO2withgaseoushydrogeniscurrentlyconsideredtobethemostcommerciallyfeasiblesyntheticroute,however,thesupplyofsafeandeconomicalhydrogensourcesposesasignificantchallengetoup-scalingapplication.Directutilizationofhydrogenfromdissociationofwater,themostabundant,cheapandcleanhydrogenresource,forthereductionofCO2wouldbeoneofthemostpromisingapproachesforCO2utilization.ThispaperprovidesanoverviewofthecurrentadvancesinresearchonhighlyefficientreductionofCO2orNaHCO3,arepresentativecompoundofCO2,intoformicacid/formatebyinsituhydrogenfromwaterdissociationwithametal/metaloxideredoxcycleundermildhydrothermalconditions.