简介：回顾了Arrhenius理论的发展历程并简介了理论的基本内容。从食品品质损失的基本反应动力学出发，介绍Arrhenius理论在预测食品货架期、研究食品流变学特性及预测食品微生物学等方面的应用。

简介：TheresponsetosingleheattreatmentandStep-downheat(SDH)treatmentinvitroofV79andLcellswasstudied.Colony-formingabilitywasassayedinmediumaftertreatmentinvitro.Time-responsecurveswereestablishedandsubjectedtoArrheniusanalysis.TheArrheniuscurvesshowedinflectionpointsat43℃forV79cellsandat42℃forLcells.Theactivationenergieswere145kcal/moleand400kcal/moleaboveandbelow43℃(P<0.05),respectively,forV79cells,while160kcal/moleand300kcal/moleaboveandbelow42℃(P<0.05),respectively,forLcells.ThermosensitivityofLcellsaremarkedlyhigherthanV79cells.BothV79andLcellsweresensitizedbySDH.TheSDHeffectwascharacterizedbyareductioninshoulder(anadditioneffecttosublethaldamage),anincreaseinslope(thermosensitization),andthedelayanddisappearanceofthermotolerant"tail"forV79andLcellsat45℃to40℃and44℃to42℃SDHtreatmentrespectively.Particularly,42℃to39℃or42℃to40℃SDHforLc

简介：Thermalmaturationandpetroleumgenerationmodelingofshalesisessentialforsuccessfulexplorationandexploitationofconventionalandunconventionaloilandgasplays.Forbasinwideunconventionalresourceplayssuchmodeling,whenwellcalibratedwithdirectmaturitymeasurementsfromwells,cancharacterizeandlocateproductionsweetspotsforoil,wetgasanddrygas.Thetransformationofkerogentopetroleumisassociatedwithmanychemicalreactions,butmodelstypicallyfocusonfirst-orderreactionswithratesdeterminedbytheArrheniusEquation.AmisconceptionhasbeenperpetuatedformanyyearsthataccuratethermalmaturitymodelingofvitrinitereflectanceusingtheArrheniusEquationandasingleactivationenergy,toderiveatime-temperatureindex(∑TTIARR),asproposedbyWood(1988),isflawed.ThisclaimwasinitiallymadebySweeneyandBurnham(1990)inpromotingtheir'EasyRo'method,andrepeatedbyothers.Thispaperdemonstratesthroughdetailedmulti-dimensionalburialandthermalmodelinganddirectcomparisonofthe∑TTIARRand'EasyRo'methodsthatthisisnotthecase.The∑TTIARRmethodnotonlyprovidesaveryusefulandsensitivematurityindex,itcanreproducethecalculatedvitrinitereflectancevaluesderivedfrommodelsbasedonmultipleactivationenergies(e.g.,'EasyRo').Throughsimpleexpressionsthe∑TTIARRmethodcanalsoprovideoilandgastransformationfactorsthatcanbeflexiblyscaledandcalibratedtomatchtheoil,wetgasanddrygasgenerationwindows.Thisisachievedinamore-computationally-efficient,flexibleandtransparentwaybythe∑TTIARRmethodthanthe'EasyRo'method.Analysisindicatesthatthe'EasyRo'method,usingtwentyactivationenergiesandaconstantfrequencyfactor,generatesreactionratesandtransformationfactorsthatdonotrealisticallymodelobservedkerogenbehaviourandtransformationfactorsovergeologictimescales.