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简介：作为电子档案保存的最佳解决方案，PDF／Archive（PDF／A）标准在成为业界事实标准后，于2005年5月，又获国际标准化组织ISO批准，成为一项国际标准。作为当今世界最大的权威标准化机构，ISO对国际标准的确立可以用苛刻来形容，不仅需要通过申请、预备、审查、批准及发布等多个环节、长达几年的严格审核，还必须获得117个成员国的全体同意。由此可以充分说明PDF作为国际公认标准已经被广泛认同。特别值得一提的是，中国作为ISO组织的成员国，也在此过程中对PDF／A标准进行了详细的评估和审阅并给出了积极的评价。

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简介：Background:IntheGermanDemocraticRepublic(GDR),resintappinginScotspine(PinussylvestrisL.)forestswasamajoreconomicactivity,andresin-tappedstandsarefrequentlyfoundupuntilthisday.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatehowthemechanicaldamagecausedbyresintappingaffectsthegrowthandclimatesensitivityofScotspineusingadendroecologicalapproach.Methods:Tree-ringsampleswerecollectedfromresin-tappedandnon-tappedtreesintwoforestareasinnortheasternGermany,andtree-growthpatternswereanalyzed.Forelucidatingeffectsofresintappingontheclimatesensitivityofpinegrowth,climate-growthrelationshipsandpointeryearswerestudied.Results:Weobservedthatresintappingpositivelyaffectstreegrowthatbreastheight,likelyaswoodformationisconcentratedonthelivingpartofthebole(i.e.aftertappingthereisnogrowthtakingplaceonthetappingfaceduetothemechanicaldamagedonetothecambium).Weobservednodifferencesintheclimatesensitivityoftappedandnon-tappedtrees,norintheoccurrenceofextremegrowthresponses.Conclusion:Ourresultshighlightthatresinextractionis,apartfrominflictingmechanicaldamage,notalteringthesensitivityofScotspinegrowthtoclimaticconditions.