简介：Theobjectiveofthisresearchistodeterminetheeffectearthquakeshaveontheperformanceoftransportationnetworksystems.Todothis,bridgefragilitycurves,expressedasafunctionofpeakgroundacceleration(PGA)andpeakgroundvelocity(PGV),weredeveloped.Networkdamagewasevaluatedunderthe1994Northridgeearthquakeandscenarioearthquakes.Aprobabilisticmodelwasdevelopedtodeterminetheeffectofrepairofbridgedamageontheimprovementofthenetworkperformanceasdayspassedaftertheevent.Asanexample,thesystemperformancedegradationmeasuredintermsofanindex,"DriversDelay,"iscalculatedfortheLosAngelesareatransportationsystem,andlossesduetoDriversDelaywithandwithoutretrofitwereestimated.

简介：煤是一个基本资源，它的使用保证国民经济和人的社会的发展。因此，煤交通是瓷器全面交通系统的重要部分。在这个系统，港口是重要运输节点。这研究在中国考虑了沿海的港口并且从1973～2013分析了煤交通的进化。我们集中了于装载并且卸掉的煤的空间模式，并且总结了这些进程的主要特征和开发。然后，我们用数学模型和指示物在这些数量检验了搬运的煤和地区性的变化的体积。最后，我们分析了专业化功能和涉及煤交通揭示他们的空间关系和时间的进化的港口的空间区别。我们发现煤交通的空间模式从南方输入和北方输出改变了到所有输入和北方输出。然而，突出的港口使用了因为卸掉的煤仍然长江向南在区域被集中。装载的煤被专注于Bohai的西岸海湾。另外，在Bohai海湾附近的一些港口例如Dandong，Dalian，Yantai，和Qingdao，从装载港口到卸掉港口的传统的煤变化了。这研究进一步开发了运输地理的理论，并且改进了我们瓷器煤交通系统的理解。

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简介：Thestudyofairemissioninmaritimetransportationisnew,andtherecognitionofitsimportancehasbeenrisingintherecentdecade.TheemissionsofCO2,SO2,NO2andparticulatemattersfrommaritimetransportationhavecontributedtoclimatechangeandenvironmentaldegradation.Scientifically,analystsstillhavecontroversiesregardinghowtocalculatetheemissionsandhowtochoosethebaselineandmethodologies.Threemethodsaregenerallyused,namelythe'bottomup'approach,the'topdown'approachandtheSTEEM,whichproduceverydifferentresults,leadingtovariouspaperswithgreatuncertainties.This,inturn,resultsingreatdifficultiestopolicymakerswhoattempttoregulatetheemissions.Arecenttechnique,theSTEEM,isintendedtocombinetheformertwomethodstoreducetheirdrawbacks.However,theregulationsbasedonitsresultsmayincreasethecostsofshippingcompaniesandcausethecompetitivenessoftheportstatesandcoastalstates.Quiteafewpapershavefocusedonthisareaandprovidedanotherfreshperspectivefortheairemissiontobeincorporatedinmaritimetransportationregulations;thesefactsdeservemoreattention.Thispaperistoreviewtheliteratureonthedebatesoverairemissioncalculation,withparticularattentiongiventotheSTEEMandtherefinedestimationmethods.Italsoreviewsrelatedliteratureontheeconomicanalysisofmaritimetransportationemissionregulations,andprovidesaninsightintosuchanalysis.Attheendofthispaper,basedonareviewandanalysisofpreviousliterature,weconcludewiththepolicyindicationsinthefutureandworkthatshouldbedone.AstherelatedregulationsinmaritimetransportationemissionsarestillattheirbeginningstageinChina,thispaperprovidesspecificsuggestionsonhowChinashouldregulateemissionsinthemaritimetransportationsector.

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简介：为这篇文章的目的是基于东方兰辛的区域研究在公共交通和房地产之间的关系。二个方法主要被用来分析数据：在为分析软件的社会科学(社会科学统计套装软体)数据的统计包裹的帮助下的关联分析和工具分析。有二分析结果：(1)房地产，接近公共交通，将比远离公共交通的有更高的价值，并且(2)在一个汽车站的公共汽车的数字没与房地产的值有明显的关系。把结果基于这些，房地产开发者能近造居住房地产到公共交通或与交通公司由合同在他们的房地产社区带公共交通。简言之，他们应该相当把公共交通用作吸引人的特征说服人喜欢而不是他们的房子。

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简介：Fortilinisamultifunctionalproteinimplicatedinmanyimportantcellularprocesses.SinceinjectionofPm-fortilinreducesshrimpmortalitycausedbywhitespotsyndromevirus(WSSV),thereispotentialapplicationoffortilininshrimpculture.Inthepresentstudy,inordertoimprovetrans-membranetransportationefficiency,theproteintransductiondomainofthetransactivatoroftranscription(TAT)peptidewasfusedtofortilin.ThePichiapastorisyeastexpressionsystem,whichiswidelyacceptedinanimalfeeds,wasusedforproductionofrecombinantfusionprotein.Greenfluorescenceprotein(GFP)wasselectedasareporterbecauseofitsintrinsicvisiblefluorescence.Thefortilin,TATandGFPfusionproteinwereconstructed.Theirtrans-membranetransportationefficiencyandeffectsonimmuneresponseofshrimpwereanalyzedinvitro.ResultsshowedthatTATpeptideimprovedinvitrouptakeoffortilinintothehemocytesandmidgutofLitopenaeusvannamei.Thephenoloxidase(PO)activityofhemocytesincubatedwithGFP-FortilinorGFP-Fortilin-TATwassignificantlyincreasedcomparedwiththatinthecontrolwithoutexpressedfortilin.ThePOactivityofhemocytesincubatedwith200μgmL-1GFP-Fortilin-TATwassignificantlyhigherthanthatinthegroupwiththesameconcentrationofGFP-Fortilin.HemocytesincubatedwithGFP-Fortilin-TATatallconcentrationsshowedsignificantlyhighernitricoxidesynthase(NOS)activitythanthoseinthecontrolorintheGFP-Fortilintreatment.ThepresentinvitrostudyindicatedthatTATfusionproteinimprovedtheimmuneeffectoffortilin.

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简介：85-stationdailyprecipitationdatafrom1961-2010providedbytheNationalMeteorologicalInformationCenterandtheNCEP/NCAR2010dailyreanalysisdataareusedtoinvestigatethelow-frequencyvariabilityontheprecipitationofthefirstrainseasonanditsrelationshipswithmoisturetransportinSouthChina,andchannelsoflow-frequencywatervaportransportandsourcesoflow-frequencyprecipitationarerevealed.Theannuallyfirstrainingseasonprecipitationin2010ismainlycontrolledby10-20dand30-60doscillation.Therainfallismore(interrupted)whenthetwolow-frequencycomponentsareinthesamepeak(valley)phase,andtherainfallislesswhentheyaresuperposedintheinversephase.The10-20dlow-frequencycomponentofthemoisturetransportismoreactivethanthe30-60d.The10-20dwatervaporsourceslieintheSouthIndiaOceannear30°S,theareabetweenSumatraandKalimantanIsland(thesouthwestsource),andtheequatorialmiddlePacificregion(thesoutheastsource),andtherearecorrespondingsouthwestandsoutheastmoisturetransportchannels.Byusingthecharacteristicsof10-20dwatervaportransportanomalouscirculation,thecorrespondinglow-frequencyprecipitationcanbepredicted6dahead.

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