简介：象kinematics一样的形态学是在flapping飞行的性能的一个批评决定因素。在bio-flyers的气体动力学上理解结构的特点的效果，有在翼尖的1，2，和4表现象徘回一样正弦曲线kinematics的方面比率(AR)的三个矩形的翅膀基于雷纳兹数字5300试验性地被调查。沿着翅膀跨度的部分切割上的流动结构被比较。更强壮的K-H不稳定性与更高的方面比率在翅膀的前缘旋涡上被发现。旋涡爆炸仅仅出现在high-aspect-ratio翅膀的外部spanwise地点上。在high-aspect-ratio翅膀上爆炸的旋涡也许是为什么的原因之一bio-flyers通常有low-aspect-ratio翅膀。除了当旋涡爆炸发生时，定量分析在更高的方面比率翅膀上展出前缘旋涡(LEV)的更大的无尺寸的循环。沿着跨度的AR1和AR2的平均无尺寸的发行量几乎在50%跨度等于无尺寸的发行量。流动结构和发行量分析证明正弦曲线kinematics与在类似的研究使用的简化flappingkinematics相比压制LEV的故障。在在当前的Re范围，全面流动结构不对雷纳兹敏感的AR4表演的雷纳兹数字效果结果数。

简介：Liquidsolid使流体化床在处理工业基于粒子尺寸，密度，和形状分开粒子的矿物质被使用。理解扩展的使流体化的床为精确地估计它的表演是重要的。使流体化的床的扩大特征被与铁矿石，铬铁矿，石英，和煤样品执行几个实验学习。把水用作液体媒介，实验被进行在使流体化的床上学习粒子尺寸，粒子密度，和表面的速度的效果扩大。试验性的数据被利用基于维的分析开发一个实验数学模型以粒子特征估计使流体化的床的扩大比率，操作并且设计参数。从数学模型获得的预言的扩大比率在对试验性的数据的好同意。

简介：Theratioofexpectationcrossingsofdielectricelastomerballoonexcitedbyrandompressureisanalyticallyevaluatedinthisletter.TheMooney–RivlinmodelisadoptedtodescribetheconstitutiverelationwhiletherandompressureisdescribedbyGaussianwhitenoise.Throughaspecifictransformation,thestochasticdifferentialequationsforthetotalenergyandphasearederived.Withtheapplicationofthestochasticaveraging,thesystemtotalenergyisthenapproximatedbyaone-dimensionaldiffusionprocess.SolvingtheassociatedFokker–Planck–Kolmogorov(FPK)equationyieldsthestationaryprobabilitydensityofthesystemtotalenergy.Theratioofexpectationcrossingsisthenderivedbasedonthejointstationaryprobabilitydensityofstretchratioanditsratioofchange.TheefficacyandaccuracyoftheproposedprocedureareverifiedbycomparingwiththeresultsfromMonteCarlosimulation(MCS).

简介：Numericalinvestigationofatransversesonicjetinjectedintoasupersoniccrossflowwascarriedoutusinglarge-eddysimulationforafree-streamMachnumberM=1.6andaReynoldsnumberRe=1.38×10~5basedonthejetdiameter.Effectsofthejet-to-crossflowmomentumratioonvariousfundamentalmechanismsdictatingtheintricateflowphenomena,includingflowstructures,turbulentcharactersandfrequencybehaviors,havebeenstudied.Thecomplexflowstructuresandtherelevantflowfeaturesaredisc...

简介：LatticeBoltzmannmethodisoneofthewidelyusedinmultiphasefluidflow.However,thetwomaindisadvantagesofthismethodaretheinstabilityofnumericalcalculationsduetothelargedensityratiooftwophasesandimpossibilityofthetemperaturedistributiontobefedbackintothevelocitydistributionfunctionwhenthetemperatureissimulated.BasedonthecombinationprescribedbyInamuro,thelargedensityratiotwo-phaseflowmodelandthermalmodelmakesthedensityratioofthemodelsimulationtobeincreasedto2778:1byoptimizingtheinterfacedistributionfunctionoftwo-phasewhichimprovestheaccuracyofdifferentialformat.Thephasetransitiontermisaddedassourcetermintothedistributionfunctioncontrollingtwophaseorderparameterstodescribethetemperatureeffectonthegas-liquidphasetransition.Thelatentheatgeneratedfromthephasechangeisalsoaddedasasourcetermintothetemperaturedistributionfunctionwhichsimulatesthemovementoftheflowunderthecommoncouplingofdensity,velocity,pressureandtemperature.Thedensityandthetemperaturedistributionofsinglebubblearesimulated.Comparisonofthesimulationresultswithexperimentalresultsindicatesagoodagreementpointingouttheeffectivenessoftheimprovedmodel.

简介：因为比率依赖者理论反映食肉动物必须为食物分享并且竞争的事实，它对描述在食肉动物和他们的猎物之间的关系合适并且最近成为了生物学家提出的一个很重要的理论。以便调查在食肉动物和他们的猎物之间的动态关系，一个所谓的Michaelis-Menten比率依赖者食肉动物猎物模型与考虑的食肉动物和猎物的怀孕期时间延期在这份报纸被学习。积极平衡的稳定性被Nyquist标准调查，并且本地Hopf分叉的存在被采用Hopf分叉的理论分析。借助于歧管的中心和正常形式理论，明确的公式被导出决定稳定性，方向和区分周期的答案的另外的性质。上述理论结果被数字模拟在动态软件WinPP的帮助下验证。结果证明如果怀孕期延期是足够小的，他们的尺寸将长远来说保持稳定，但是如果食肉动物的怀孕期延期足够大，他们的尺寸将周期性地从长远的观点看波动。为了在比率依赖者食肉动物猎物模型，上揭示时间延期的效果，没有时间延期的一个比率依赖者食肉动物猎物模型被考虑。由Hurwitz标准，这个模型的积极平衡的本地稳定性被调查。积极平衡是的在下面条件局部地，asymptotically，马厩被获得。由与时间延期模型把结果与那些作比较，它证明有时间延期的比率依赖者食肉动物猎物模型的动态行为是更复杂的。在一样的条件下面，与一样的参数，也就是，比率依赖者食肉动物猎物模型的积极平衡的稳定性将为食肉动物和猎物由于怀孕期时间延期的介绍变化。而且与时间延期的变化，比率依赖者食肉动物猎物模型的积极平衡使分叉遭到到Hopf。

简介：

简介：密度功能的理论(DFT)学习被执行了为[Znn?1Al(OH2)n+6(哦)2n?2]3+(n=36)并且[Znn?1Al(OH2)2n?2(哦)2n?2]3+(n=7)簇，它包括象brucite一样格子的基本结构的信息在范围与Zn/Al臼齿的比率(R)Zn/Al分层的双氢氧化物(LDH)组织26，以便在二进制Zn/AlLDH的结构和稳定性上理解Zn/Al比率的效果。基于几何参数的系统的计算和簇模型的形成精力，Zn2+和Al3+阳离子用不同R价值在象brucite一样结构同态地代替Mg2+是可能的，这被发现，在簇和单位房间参数的微观结构导致差别一ofZn/AlLDH。几何学的分析并且在三价的Al3+或二价的Zn2+阳离子附近结合表明Al3+在当时，决定微观结构性质，形成和相应ZnRAl簇的结合的稳定性比Zn2+起一个更重要的作用R<5，当Zn2+的影响在R5的情况中成为主导的因素时。这些调查结果在对实验的好同意。这个工作提供阳离子的作文怎么影响包含Zn二进制LDH层的微观结构和稳定性的详细电子水平的理解。

简介：Thebubblesriseupandburstatthefreesurfaceisacomplextwo-phaseprocess.AfreeenergylatticeBoltzmannmethod(LBM)modelisadoptedinthispapertostudythisphenomenon.Theinterfacecapturingtechnique[Zhengetal.,2006]isusedtodealwiththehighdensityratioproblem.TheLaplacelawandtheair-waterinterfacecapturingabilityarevalidatedforthemultiphasemodel.Theinteractionbetweenthesinglebubbleormultiplebubblesandthefreesurfacearestudiedbythemultiphasemodel.Theforceactingonthebubbleandtheevolutionofthefreesurfaceisstudied.Meanwhile,effectoftheinitialdistancebetweentwoadjacentbubblesoninteractioneffectsofmultiplebubblesisinvestigatedaswell.

简介：

简介：Amodelisproposedtocorrelatethecrackgrowthrateandstressratiocontainingveryhighcyclefatigueregime.Themodelisverifiedbytheexperimentaldatainliterature.Thenaformulaisderivedfortheeffectofmeanstressonfatiguestrength,anditisusedtoestimatethefatiguestrengthofabearingsteelinveryhighcyclefatigueregimeatdifferentstressratios.TheestimatedresultsarealsocomparedwiththosebyGoodmanformula.

简介：Ammoniumsulfateresidueisaparticulatesolidandisproducedduringthemanufactureofammoniumsulfatefertilizer.Theresidueusedinthisstudycontainedalargeportionofcalciumcarbonate,fromwhichactivelime（CaO）wasrecoveredviathermaldecomposition.Weusedapurpose-builtdevicetodecomposetheresidueinasemi-suspensionstate.WefoundthatCaOhadthehighestactivitywhenresiduewasdecomposedat850-900℃.OurexperimentsindicatedthatammoniumsulfateresidueshouldbedecomposedinasuspensionstatetoproduceactiveCaO.Basedonourlaboratorytestfindings,anindustrial-scaleproductionlinewithahighsolid/gasratioinasuspensionstatewasdevised.TheoptimaloperatingconditionsforthedecompositionoftheammoniumsulfateresiduetoproducehighqualityCaOwerealsoinvestigated.WefoundthattheCaCO3decompositionratewashighandtheCaOproductwashighlyactive,averaging170sbythecitricacidmethod.MorphologymeasurementsshowedthattheCaOproducthadaporousstructureandalargespecificsurfaceensuringhighactivity.

简介：ThisisoneoftheapplicationsofPart(Ⅰ),inwhichtheangularstiffness,andthecorrespondingstressdistributionsofU-shapedbellowswerediscussed.Thebellowswasdividedintoprotrudingsections,concavesectionsandringplatesforthecalculationthatthegeneralsolution(Ⅰ)withitsreducedformtoringplateswereusedrespectively,butthecontinuityofthesurfacestressesandthemeridianrotationsateachjointofthesectionswereentirelysatisfied.Thepresentresultswerecomparedwiththoseoftheslenderringshellsolutionproposedearlierbytheauthors,thestandardsoftheExpansionJointManufacturersAssociation(EJMA),theexperimentandthefiniteelementmethod.Itisshownthatthegoverningequationandthegeneralsolution(Ⅰ)areveryeffective.

简介：ThisisoneoftheapplicationsofPart(Ⅰ),inwhichtheangularstiffness,thelateralstiffnessandthecorrespondingstressdistributionsofC-shapedbellowswerecalculated.Thebellowswasdividedintoprotrudingsectionsandconcavesectionsfortheuseofthegeneralsolution(Ⅰ),butthecontinuityofthestressresultantsandthedeformationsateachjointofthesectionswereentirelysatisfied.Thepresentresultswerecomparedwiththoseoftheothertheoriesandexperiments,andarealsotestedbythenumericallyintegralmethod.Itisshownthatthegoverningequationandthegeneralsolution(I)areveryeffective.