简介:CharacteristicsofR22anditsnewalternativerefrigerantR290flowingthroughadiabaticcapillarytubesareinvestigatedbasedonthehomogeneousmodel.Extensiveflowvariablesalongtubelengthsuchaspressure,temperature,viscosity,velocity,Reynoldsnumber,frictionfactorandvaporqualityetcarecomparedbetweenthetwofluidsunderthesameoperatingcondition.Twocasesareconsidered,namely,eitherthesametubelengthorthesamemassflowrateasinletcondition.TheresultsshowthatthemassflowrateinthecapillarytubeofR290is40%lowerthanthatofR22duetothedifferencesofphysicalpropertiesbetweenthetwofluids.Further,aparametricanalysisisperformedanditappearsthateffectsofgeometricandthermodynamicparametersonmassflowrateofR290areweakerthanthatofR22.Whenthecondensingtemperatureisincreasedfrom40℃to50℃,themassflowrateforR22isincreasedby16%,whiletheincreasingrateforR290is13%.
简介:AhomogeneoustheoreticalmodelisdevelopedtopredicttheperformanceofR22andR290inadiabaticcapillarytubes.Themodelisbasedonconservationequationsofmass,momentumandenergy.Metastablebothliquidandtwo-phaseflowregionsareconsideredinthemodel.Inmetastabletwo-phaseregion,superheatedliquidisintroducedintothemetastablemixtureviscosityandtwomethodsarepresentedtoevaluateit.Themodelisvalidatedbycomparingthepredictedpressureandtemperatureprofileandmassflowratewithseveralinvestigators′experimentaldataofR22andoneofitsalternativesR290reportedinliterature.Allofthepredictedmassflowratesarewithin±8%ofmeasuredvalues.Comparisonsarealsomadebetweenthepresentmodelandotherinvestigators′modelsorsizingcorrelation.Themodelcanbeusedfordesignorsimulationcalculationofadiabaticcapillarytubes.
简介:本文在结合环R中引进了模双边理想B诣(幂)零的概念和模B左(右,双边)零化子的概念。大中给出了一些有关性质以及模B幂零性的一些定理和推论。
简介:TheeffectofMnsubstitutionforpartialFeinRFe11Tionstructureandmagneticpropertiesofcompoundswasresearched.RFe7Mn4Tisamples(R=Y,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er)werepreparedbymeansofvacuumarc-meltingandsubsequentvacuumannealing.ThestructureandmagneticpropertiesofRFe7Mn4TicompoundswereinvestigatedbyX-raypowderdiffractionandmagneticmeasurements.Thefollowingconclusionswereobtained:alltheRFe7Mn4TicompoundscrystallizeintheThMn12-typestructure.Thelatticeconstantsandtheunit-cellvolumechangedwiththeincreaseofatomicnumberforR=Y,Th,Dy,Ho,andEr.ThecompensationcharactersappearfortheDyFe7Mn4TiandHoFe7Mn4Ticompounds,andthecompensationtemperatureswereabout123Kand90K,respectively.TheCurietemperature,thesaturationmagnetization,andsaturationmomentofRFe7Mn4Ticompoundsweregiven.
简介:6-aminopenicillanicacid(6-APA)crystalsobtainedunderdifferentphysicalandchemicalconditionsofthesolutionsmaypresentdifferenthabits.Thehabitsofdiamond-shapedplatesaredesirablecomparedwithotherhabitsof6-APAcrystals.Toobtainideal6-APAcrystals,theeffectsofthemixedsolventsandadditiveson6-APAcrystalhabitswereinvestigated.Ethanoloracetonewasusedastheorganicsolvent,andimpuritiesexistinginthe6-APApurificationprocesswereusedastheadditives.6-APAgrowthhabitswerechangedwhentheconcentrationsofethanol,acetoneorphenylaceticacidwereincreasedtoexceedtheircriticalconcentration.Theobservedresultsshowthatthedominantfaceon6-APAcrystalswasidentifiedtobe{020},buttheoverallhabitwascontrolledbytherelativegrowthratesofthe{101}and{002}faces.Crystalgrowthratesandhabitscanbeappreciablychangedbyspecificadsorptionofadditivesoncrystalfaces.Insomecasessolventmoleculescanactinasimilarwayandmayberegardedasbulkadditives.Theeffectsofadditivesandorganicsolventson6-APAcrystalhabitsweretheresultsofadsorptioneffect,whichfittedtheexperimentalresultsquitewell.
简介:应用光学显微镜研究了尼龙6(Nylon6)乙烯甲基丙烯酸共聚物的钠盐(PEMA)共混体系,此体系中两相是部分相容的,同时Nylon6又是部分结晶聚合物.因此,在相分离发展过程中,Nylon6中的结晶相也在发展.应用图像采集与处理技术,跟踪在不同温度、不同组成条件下分散相尺寸的变化,其变化具有自相似性,因而具有分形行为.还计算出分形维数D,讨论了分散相粒子平均尺寸dm与D的关系,在1~20min内,dm长大较快,即D增大,而后期变化缓慢.对于部分相容体系还证明相容程度与组成有关,在同一体系中D值越大,相容性越好;实验温度升高,D值增大.在Nylon6结晶相的跟踪中发现,在100℃时,随时间延长,D值基本不变,即体系具有自相似性,该温度下结晶链折叠具有规律性.